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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

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The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Femur and Patella01:16

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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection and Synovial Fluid Lavage in a Rodent Model to Study Joint Inflammation and Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
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Review of Extensor Mechanism Injuries in the Dislocated Knee.

Munachukwudi Okoye1, Abigail Wissman2, Robert D Wissman1

  • 1Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.

The Journal of Knee Surgery
|February 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Knee dislocations can damage the extensor mechanism, including the patella and tendons. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helps identify these less common but severe knee extensor injuries after trauma.

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Radiology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Knee dislocations, or multiligamentous injuries, are severe, high-energy trauma events.
  • Injuries to major knee stabilizers are common, but damage to the knee extensor mechanism is less frequently reported.
  • The knee extensor mechanism includes the patella, patellar tendon, and quadriceps tendons.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss normal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of the knee extensor mechanism.
  • To review abnormalities of the knee extensor mechanism in cases of knee dislocation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of relevant medical literature.
  • Discussion of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and findings.
  • Analysis of imaging characteristics of knee extensor mechanism injuries.

Main Results:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the preferred modality for evaluating internal knee derangements due to superior soft tissue contrast.
  • Specific imaging findings associated with extensor mechanism injuries following knee dislocation are detailed.
  • Abnormalities include tears or avulsions of the quadriceps tendon, patellar tendon, or patellar fractures/dislocations.

Conclusions:

  • Injuries to the knee extensor mechanism are an important consideration in the evaluation of knee dislocations.
  • Accurate diagnosis via MRI is crucial for appropriate management and patient outcomes.
  • Understanding normal and abnormal MRI appearances aids in diagnosing these uncommon but significant injuries.