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Changes in snail chemical profiles through host-parasite interactions.

Olwyn C Friesen1, Harold M Aukema2, Jillian T Detwiler1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, 50 Sifton Road, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada.

Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology
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PubMed
Summary

Parasites can alter host behavior through chemical signals. Infected snails release more oxylipins, with specific compounds increasing with parasite activity, suggesting a role in transmission.

Keywords:
Echinostoma trivolvisOxylipinsParasite-modified behaviorPlanorbella pilsbryiSignaling molecules

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Area of Science:

  • * Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
  • * Chemical Ecology
  • * Parasitology

Background:

  • * Parasites can manipulate host behavior to enhance transmission, but the underlying chemical mechanisms are poorly understood.
  • * Oxylipins, fatty acid metabolites, are signaling molecules with known physiological roles, yet their function in host-parasite interactions remains largely unexplored.
  • * Previous research on oxylipins in host-parasite systems is limited in scope, necessitating broader investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • * To characterize oxylipin profiles in Ramshorn snails (Planorbella pilsbryi) based on infection status with Echinostoma trivolvis.
  • * To investigate how oxylipin production differs between infected and uninfected snails.
  • * To determine if parasite activity level influences oxylipin profiles in infected snails.

Main Methods:

  • * Field-collected snails were categorized by infection status (infected/uninfected) and parasite activity (high/low).
  • * Snail-conditioned water was collected and oxylipins were extracted.
  • * Quantification of oxylipins was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS).

Main Results:

  • * Infected snails emitted significantly higher amounts of 69 oxylipins compared to uninfected snails, with 37 unique to infected individuals.
  • * Within infected snails, 18 oxylipins were elevated in individuals exhibiting higher parasite activity.
  • * Oxylipins upregulated in highly active infections were primarily derived from the cytochrome P450 pathway.

Conclusions:

  • * Distinct oxylipin profiles in infected snails suggest these compounds mediate parasite-host interactions.
  • * The observed differences in oxylipin production, particularly those linked to parasite activity, may influence transmission dynamics.
  • * Further research into the physiological and ecological roles of snail-derived oxylipins is warranted to understand their impact in freshwater ecosystems.