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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma receptor (Eph) and its ligand, Eph receptor-interacting protein (Ephrin) were first discovered in the human carcinoma cell line, hence the name. Ephrin-Eph interaction guides cells to reach their appropriate location in adult tissues. They also play an essential role in the immune system by helping in immune cell migration, adhesion, and activation. Based on their structure and function, Eph is divided into two classes — EphA and EphB.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Author Spotlight: Studying the Epithelial Effects of Intestinal Inflammation In Vitro on Established Murine Colonoids
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Transitional Anal Cells Mediate Colonic Re-epithelialization in Colitis.

Cambrian Y Liu1, Nandini Girish2, Marie L Gomez3

  • 1Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California; Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.

Gastroenterology
|March 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Skin cells from the anus can rebuild colon lining in mice with colitis. These transitional anal cells offer a new target for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and promoting mucosal healing.

Keywords:
InflammationRegenerationStem CellsWound Healing

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology
  • Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Epithelial repair is impaired in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
  • The origin of cells that repair the colon in colitis is not fully understood.
  • Squamous tissue in the human colon suggests diverse repair cell origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if anal squamous cells can mediate colonic re-epithelialization in murine colitis.
  • To identify the cellular origins and mechanisms of colon repair in acute colitis.

Main Methods:

  • Induced colitis models (DSS and IL-10 deficient mice).
  • Lineage tracing, 3D imaging, single-cell transcriptomics, and biophysical modeling.
  • Mapping squamous cell fates during colonic repair.

Main Results:

  • A squamous neo-epithelium of the colon (SNEC) forms near the anorectal junction in colitis.
  • Anal squamous cells migrate into the ulcerated colon and form this new epithelium.
  • These cells originate from a unique transitional zone with a program for colonic differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Transitional anal cells act as reserve cells for rebuilding colonic epithelium after injury.
  • These cells hold potential for novel therapeutic strategies in IBD and mucosal healing.