Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antigen Processing Pathways01:31

Antigen Processing Pathways

1.4K
MHC molecules are key players in the immune response, enabling T cells to recognize and respond to specific antigens. They are present on the surface of all nucleated cells in the body and are instrumental in presenting antigens to T cells and activating them. T cells recognize the MHC-antigen complex and initiate an immune response. MHC class I and MHC class II are two main types of MHC molecules, each associated with a distinct antigen processing pathway.
MHC Class I: Presenting Endogenous...
1.4K
Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

747
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
747
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

7.1K
T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
7.1K
Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

23.6K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
23.6K
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

7.2K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.2K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

1.1K
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Case Report: Membranous/cytoplasmic Ki-67 staining and PAX8-GLIS3 fusion: defining the clinicopathological spectrum of hyalinizing trabecular tumor to optimize patient management.

Frontiers in medicine·2026
Same author

Bispecific nanobodies - promising engineered candidates with high therapeutic efficiency.

Journal of biotechnology·2026
Same author

Simultaneous and Rapid Removal of Organic Micropollutants, Heavy Metal Ions, and Cationic Dyes from Water by a Porous Cyclodextrin Polymer.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2025
Same author

Polidocanol foam injection sclerotherapy in patients with mixed hemorrhoids with severe anemia: a case report.

Journal of surgical case reports·2025
Same author

Local excision of perianal skin for pruritus ani: a case report.

Journal of surgical case reports·2025
Same author

Secondary rectal perforation following procedure for prolapsed hemorrhoids: a case report.

Journal of surgical case reports·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

9.9K

Structural aspects of the MHC expression control system.

Grady Nash1, Bhaskar Paidimuddala1, Liman Zhang1

  • 1Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.

Biophysical Chemistry
|March 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) enhanceosome is crucial for immune responses. Understanding its structure and assembly is key to addressing immune-related diseases.

Keywords:
CIITAMHC enhanceosomeNLRNLRC5ProteinsStructural biologyTranscription factors

More Related Videos

Assessing the Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I on Primary Murine Hippocampal Neurons by Flow Cytometry
08:07

Assessing the Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I on Primary Murine Hippocampal Neurons by Flow Cytometry

Published on: May 19, 2020

3.6K
Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin
11:17

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin

Published on: March 10, 2021

6.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation
12:09

Use of Single Chain MHC Technology to Investigate Co-agonism in Human CD8+ T Cell Activation

Published on: February 28, 2019

9.9K
Assessing the Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I on Primary Murine Hippocampal Neurons by Flow Cytometry
08:07

Assessing the Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I on Primary Murine Hippocampal Neurons by Flow Cytometry

Published on: May 19, 2020

3.6K
Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin
11:17

Stability and Structure of Bat Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I with Heterologous β2-Microglobulin

Published on: March 10, 2021

6.5K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is vital for immune regulation, presenting peptides to T cells.
  • Its transcription is controlled by enhanceosome complexes and immune signals like interferon-gamma (IFN-γ).
  • Dysregulation of MHC enhanceosome structure impacts immune response speed and can lead to diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of the MHC enhanceosome.
  • To focus on the structures of MHC enhanceosome components.
  • To elucidate the molecular basis of MHC enhanceosome assembly.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on MHC enhanceosome structure and function.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms governing MHC enhanceosome assembly.
  • Integration of data on immune signaling pathways affecting MHC expression.

Main Results:

  • Detailed examination of the structural components of the MHC enhanceosome.
  • Explanation of the molecular interactions driving enhanceosome assembly.
  • Highlighting the role of transcription factors and IFN-γ in regulating MHC expression.

Conclusions:

  • The MHC enhanceosome's structure and assembly are critical for immune system function.
  • Understanding these molecular details provides insights into immune regulation.
  • This knowledge is essential for developing strategies against immune-related diseases.