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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma masquerading as Riedel's thyroiditis.

Kenneth Stuart Young1, Harriet A Cunniffe2, Zahabia Ali3

  • 1Ear Nose and Throat Department, Castle Hill Hospital, Health Education England Yorkshire and Humber, Leeds, UK kenneth.young2@nhs.net.

BMJ Case Reports
|March 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

A woman initially diagnosed with Riedel's thyroiditis due to thyroid swelling was later confirmed to have a rare form of lymphoma. This case highlights the importance of considering alternative diagnoses for persistent thyroid conditions.

Keywords:
earmalignant and benign haematologynose and throatthyroid disease

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare, benign inflammatory condition affecting the thyroid gland, characterized by fibrosis and a woody texture.
  • Differential diagnosis of thyroid masses can be challenging, requiring careful histopathological evaluation.
  • Hodgkin's lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system, with nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin's lymphoma being the most common subtype.

Observation:

  • A 38-year-old woman presented with a progressively tender thyroid gland swelling.
  • Initial diagnostic procedures, including fine needle aspiration and core biopsy, suggested Riedel's thyroiditis.
  • Surgical intervention via partial thyroidectomy was performed for the persistent thyroid condition.

Findings:

  • Histopathological examination of the thyroidectomy specimen revealed nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin's lymphoma.
  • The initial biopsies were misdiagnosed, underscoring limitations in differentiating benign from malignant thyroid conditions based solely on aspiration or core samples.
  • This case represents an unusual presentation of lymphoma mimicking a rare thyroiditis.

Implications:

  • This case emphasizes the critical need for comprehensive histopathological review in diagnosing thyroid pathologies, especially when clinical presentation is atypical.
  • It highlights the potential for misdiagnosis of rare thyroid conditions and underscores the importance of considering malignancy in persistent or worsening thyroid swelling.
  • Accurate and timely diagnosis of thyroid lymphoma is crucial for appropriate treatment and improved patient outcomes.