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Related Concept Videos

Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

1.2K
Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
482
Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests01:15

Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
The edrophonium test is a diagnostic tool for myasthenia gravis. It involves...
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Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Myocarditis II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle. The symptoms vary widely, encompassing asymptomatic presentations to severe, acute manifestations.Clinical PresentationAsymptomatic cases: In some instances, myocarditis may be asymptomatic, with the infection resolving without intervention. These cases often go undetected unless discovered incidentally through diagnostic imaging or tests conducted for other reasons.General Early Symptoms: Early symptoms of myocarditis are non-specific and can...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 2, 2025

Detection of Polyfunctional T Cells in Children Vaccinated with Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine via the Flow Cytometry Technique
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The Diagnosis of Common Variable Immunodeficiency After Multisystem Dysfunction.

Taha F Rasul1, Daniel R Bergholz2, Arfa Faiz3

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA.

Cureus
|March 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a rare disorder affecting B cells, leading to low immunoglobulin levels and increased infection risk. Early diagnosis and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) can significantly improve patient outcomes.

Keywords:
common variable immunodeficiency deficiencydelayed diagnosisimmune dysfunctionmulti-disciplinary carenon hodgkin's lymphomarecurrent infection

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by impaired B cell differentiation into plasma cells, resulting in hypogammaglobulinemia.
  • Patients with CVID are susceptible to recurrent infections, autoimmune disorders, and certain malignancies.

Observation:

  • A 53-year-old female with a history of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) presented with recurrent pulmonary infections and poor vaccine response.
  • She experienced two COVID-19 infections in 2020 and showed decreased immunoglobulin levels (IgG, IgM, IgA) and B cells during evaluation for pneumococcal vaccination.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with CVID based on decreased immunoglobulin levels and impaired B cell function.
  • Treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) successfully increased her IgG levels from 282 to 680 mg/dL within three months.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of considering immunological dysfunction in patients with atypical presentations across multiple organ systems.
  • Prompt diagnosis and management of CVID with IVIG can mitigate complications and improve patient prognosis.