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History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Affects Static Balance under Complex Multisensory Manipulations.

W Geoffrey Wright1, Justin D Handy2, Amanda Haskell3,2

  • 1Temple University, Neuromotor Sciences Program, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Public Health, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

Journal of Neurotrauma
|March 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Lifetime mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in veterans is linked to subtle balance control issues, especially during challenging sensory conditions. These deficits appear even without self-reported symptoms, highlighting covert dysfunction.

Keywords:
MDDPTSDbalancemTBIposturographyvirtual reality

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Military Health
  • Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

  • Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) can cause long-term neurological effects.
  • Postural control deficits may persist years after mTBI.
  • Assessing balance under sensory conflict is crucial for understanding mTBI impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate postural control in community-recruited veterans with a history of mTBI.
  • To determine if mTBI history affects balance during multi-sensory discordance.
  • To explore the relationship between mTBI, PTSD, and self-reported symptoms on balance.

Main Methods:

  • Veterans completed TBI, PTSD, and symptom inventories.
  • Postural control was measured using a virtual reality system assessing center of pressure sway.
  • Six sensory integration conditions were tested (visual: open, closed, rotating; somatosensory: firm, foam).

Main Results:

  • Veterans with mTBI history (mTBI+) showed no difference in basic balance tasks compared to mTBI- veterans.
  • mTBI+ veterans exhibited significantly greater postural sway during rotating visual stimuli on a foam surface.
  • Postural sway correlated with the number of lifetime mTBI experiences and was independent of PTSD or NSI scores.

Conclusions:

  • Lifetime mTBI in veterans is associated with impaired postural control under multi-sensory discordance.
  • This balance dysfunction is often covert, not reflected in self-reported symptoms.
  • Virtual reality-based sensory challenges can reveal subtle, long-term balance deficits post-mTBI.