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Optically Rough and Physically Flat Transparent Conductive Substrates with Strong Far-Field Scattering.

Lei Meng1,2, Hongyu Chai1, Zeren Zhao1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Semiconductor Materials and Devices, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, People's Republic of China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|March 1, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Optically rough and physically flat substrates improve solar cell performance by enhancing light management. The pillar array pattern (PAP) shows superior light scattering and efficiency gains for perovskite solar cells compared to other patterns.

Keywords:
angular intensity distributionbidirectional scattering distribution functionfar-field scatteringhaze ratio in transmissioninterface morphologytransparent conductive substrate

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics
  • Renewable Energy

Background:

  • Optically rough and physically flat (OR-PF) substrates are crucial for improving optoelectronic devices and functional glasses.
  • These substrates enable high-quality functional layer growth and effective light management, particularly for superstrate-type thin-film solar cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of interface morphology (hole array pattern - HAP, and pillar array pattern - PAP) on the far-field scattering properties of OR-PF substrates.
  • To enhance the performance of superstrate-type thin-film solar cells using these tailored OR-PF substrates.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of OR-PF substrates by spin-coating Al-doped ZnO (AZO) on nanoimprint-patterned glasses.
  • Characterization of interface morphology, surface roughness (σrms), visible light transmittance, sheet resistance, and far-field scattering properties.
  • Theoretical calculations using bidirectional scattering distribution function (BSDF) and implied photocurrent (Jsc) gain analysis for perovskite solar cells.

Main Results:

  • AZO/HAP(P1.5D1.3) and AZO/PAP(P1.0D0.5) substrates exhibited flat surfaces (<9 nm σrms), high transmittance (>86%), low sheet resistance (~30 Ω/sq), and strong far-field scattering.
  • AZO/PAP(P1.0D0.5) demonstrated superior scattering properties, including a haze ratio in transmission (HT) of >11% (600-850 nm) and significant angular intensity distribution.
  • AZO/PAP generated implied Jsc gains of 16.2% (normal incidence) and 2.3% (60° incidence) in CH3NH3PbI3 solar cells compared to flat substrates and BZO/F.

Conclusions:

  • The PAP interface morphology significantly enhances far-field scattering and light management in OR-PF substrates.
  • AZO/PAP(P1.0D0.5) shows potential as an improved front electrode for perovskite thin-film solar cells, offering substantial efficiency gains.
  • This study highlights the importance of interface engineering for optimizing the performance of next-generation solar energy devices.