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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

The use of Biofeedback in Clinical Virtual Reality: The INTREPID Project

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Published on: November 12, 2009

Web-Based Single Session Intervention for Perceived Control Over Anxiety During COVID-19: Randomized Controlled

Michael Mullarkey¹, Mallory Dobias¹, Jenna Sung¹

¹Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.

JMIR Mental Health

|March 1, 2022

Summary

A single-session online intervention did not reduce anxiety or increase perceived control during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study found no significant therapeutic or harmful effects on generalized anxiety or social distancing intentions.

Keywords:

COVID-19 SSI anxiety control intervention mental health online intervention perceived control scalable single-session intervention telehealth telemedicine

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Last Updated: Oct 1, 2025

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Area of Science:

Psychology
Public Health
Digital Mental Health

Background:

Rising anxiety levels during the COVID-19 pandemic necessitated accessible mental health solutions.
Social distancing mandates limited traditional in-person mental health care access.
Perceived control over anxiety is linked to reduced anxiety pathology and adaptive stress responses.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a no-therapist, single-session online intervention for perceived control over anxiety.
To assess the intervention's impact on generalized anxiety and perceived control.
To determine if the intervention affected social-distancing intentions.

Main Methods:

A between-subjects design was employed with a weighted-probability sample of US adults.
Participants were recruited via the Prolific online platform.
Outcomes were measured using online self-report questionnaires.

Main Results:

Intent-to-treat analyses (N=522) showed no significant effects on generalized anxiety (d=-0.06, P=.48).
No significant changes were observed in perceived control over anxiety (d=0.04, P=.48).
The intervention did not impact social-distancing intentions (d=-0.02, P=.83).

Conclusions:

The study found no evidence of therapeutic or iatrogenic effects from the online intervention.
The findings highlight challenges in targeting perceived control over anxiety with scalable interventions.
Strengths include a large, nationally representative sample and adherence to open science practices.