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How the environment affects early embryonic development.

Marc-André Sirard1

  • 1Faculté des Sciences de l'Agriculture et de l'Alimentation, Département des Sciences Animales, Centre de Recherche en Reproduction, Développement et Santé Intergénérationnelle (CRDSI), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.

Reproduction, Fertility, and Development
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Summary

Parental metabolic status impacts early embryo development and offspring phenotype. Research in bovine reproduction shows environmental conditions affect gene expression, leading to embryos in "economy" mode with potential long-term consequences.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology and developmental programming.
  • Epigenetics and gene expression in early life stages.
  • Animal science, specifically bovine reproduction.

Background:

  • The environment surrounding gametes and embryos, including parental conditions, influences early embryonic function.
  • This early environment can impact the future phenotype of the offspring.
  • Parental metabolic status, such as age and weight, is a key environmental factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how parental metabolic status affects gene expression and programming in bovine embryos.
  • To understand the consequences of suboptimal environmental conditions (e.g., in vivo, in vitro, IVF) on embryo development.
  • To explore the potential link between molecular changes in embryos and later-life phenotypes.

Main Methods:

  • Transcriptomic and epigenetic molecular analyses were employed.
  • The bovine model was used for experimental research.
  • Observations included comparisons between embryos from cows with different metabolic statuses (e.g., weight loss during conception).

Main Results:

  • Parental metabolic status (female and male) influences gene expression and embryonic gene programming.
  • Milking cows experiencing weight loss at conception produce compromised embryos with unique metabolic signatures.
  • Suboptimal in vitro conditions and IVF procedures can induce an 'economy' mode in embryos, reducing key cellular processes.

Conclusions:

  • The early embryonic environment, influenced by parental factors, can lead to adaptive 'economy' mode responses.
  • These molecular adaptations may have implications for the offspring's future phenotype.
  • Further epidemiological studies are needed to correlate specific molecular changes with observable phenotypic consequences in bovines.