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A meta-analysis on neural changes of cognitive training for mental disorders in executive function tasks: increase or

Jin Yang Li1,2, Huiqin Wu1, Shiting Yuan1

  • 1Nan jing Brain Hospital affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.

BMC Psychiatry
|March 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive training (CT) enhances cognitive function in psychiatric patients by altering brain activity. Studies show increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus and decreased activation in the left precuneus and cuneus after CT.

Keywords:
Cognitive trainingMental disorderMeta-analysisNeuroimaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment is prevalent in psychiatric disorders.
  • Cognitive training (CT) shows promise in improving cognitive function for these patients.
  • Neural mechanisms underlying CT in psychiatric populations require clarification due to inconsistent neuroimaging findings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on CT in psychiatric disorders.
  • To identify consistent neural changes associated with CT.
  • To elucidate the brain mechanisms through which CT benefits psychiatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed across major databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, ProQuest).
  • Coordinate-based meta-analysis using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) was employed.
  • Functional meta-analytic connectivity modeling (fMACM) was utilized to analyze brain region interactions.

Main Results:

  • Consistent findings revealed increased activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) post-CT.
  • A decrease in activation was observed in the left precuneus and cuneus following CT.
  • These neural changes correlate with improvements in cognitive functions like language and memory.

Conclusions:

  • Cognitive training supports language and memory functions in psychiatric patients.
  • CT appears to optimize neuronal resource allocation by reducing activity in basic visual processing areas.
  • The identified neural patterns provide a clearer understanding of CT's efficacy in psychiatric care.