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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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CRISPR01:59

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR01:23

The Antiviral System of Bacteria and Archaea: CRISPR

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CRISPR stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats is a adaptive immune system found in bacteria and archaea that protects against viral infections. This system enables prokaryotic cells to identify, remember, and neutralize foreign genetic elements, primarily bacteriophages, by storing fragments of the invader’s DNA as a genetic memory.The CRISPR immune response begins during an initial infection. Cas (CRISPR-associated) proteins play a central role in this...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms
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Enhanced Genome Editing with Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein in Diverse Cells and Organisms

Published on: May 25, 2018

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Discovery in CRISPR-Cas9 system.

Shaowei Pan1, Huali Zhang2

  • 1Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha 410013, China. 2693330538@qq.com.

Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical Sciences
|March 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tool, awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize, precisely modifies DNA. This revolutionary technology accelerates genetic research and offers new avenues for gene therapy and cancer treatment.

Keywords:
CRISPR-Cas9 systemPAM sequencegene editingsgRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The CRISPR-Cas system is a natural defense mechanism in bacteria against foreign genetic material.
  • This system's ability to precisely recognize and cleave DNA has been harnessed for genetic engineering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the discovery and impact of CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology.
  • To underscore its applications in life sciences, medicine, and potential as a therapeutic tool.

Main Methods:

  • The discovery involved understanding the CRISPR-Cas system's function as a bacterial immune mechanism.
  • Application of this system for targeted DNA modification in various organisms.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-Cas9 gene scissors enable rapid and precise editing of animal, plant, and microbial DNA.
  • Revolutionized gene editing, significantly reducing the time and complexity of cellular genetic work.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR gene editing technology has profound implications for life sciences and basic medicine.
  • It presents new therapeutic possibilities for diseases like cancer, despite ongoing challenges such as off-target effects.