Two Different Types of Sarcoma Occurring Synchronously: The Impact of Molecular Biology on Therapeutic Strategy

Sarcoma is a rare type of tumor that can arise in the different types of connective tissues. Symptoms vary depending on the size, type, and location of the tumor. Management and surgery should be performed in a referral sarcoma center with a molecular biology platform and a dedicated medical staff. A preoperative percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) is required to tailor the medical and surgical strategies. In this report, we describe the case of a well-differentiated retroperitoneal liposarcoma (WD LPS) discovered in the context of recurrent cystitis on an abdominal CT scan, synchronously occurring, with another different type of sarcoma, undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) developing in the thigh, discovered because of sciatic pain. This extremely rare condition was confirmed by the molecular analysis and justifies a specific strategy taking account of the differential risk. This event should also encourage genetic counseling.