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Defense of COVID-19 by Human Organoids
Ting Lv1,2, Fanlu Meng3, Meng Yu1
1State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China.
Abstract:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an immense menace to public health worldwide, exerting huge effects on global economic and political conditions. Understanding the biology and pathogenesis mechanisms of this novel virus, in large parts, relies on optimal physiological models that allow replication and propagation of SARS-CoV-2. Human organoids, derived from stem cells, are three-dimensional cell cultures that recapitulate the cellular organization, transcriptional and epigenetic signatures of their counterpart organs. Recent studies have indicated their great values as experimental virology platforms, making human organoid an ideal tool for investigating host-pathogen interactions. Here, we summarize research developments for SARS-CoV-2 infection of various human organoids involved in multiple systems, including lung, liver, brain, intestine, kidney and blood vessel organoids. These studies help us reveal the pathogenesis mechanism of COVID-19, and facilitate the development of effective vaccines and drugs as well as other therapeutic regimes.
Insights
Human organoids, derived from stem cells, provide vital physiological models for studying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. These models aid in understanding COVID-19 pathogenesis and developing new vaccines and therapeutics.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Stem Cell Biology
- Pathogenesis Research
Background:
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a global health crisis impacting economies and politics.
- Understanding SARS-CoV-2 requires effective physiological models for virus replication and propagation.
- Human organoids, 3D stem cell-derived cultures, mimic organ structures and functions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review research on SARS-CoV-2 infection in various human organoid models.
- To highlight the utility of organoids in studying host-pathogen interactions.
- To explore organoid contributions to understanding COVID-19 pathogenesis and therapeutic development.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent studies involving SARS-CoV-2 infection of human organoids.
- Analysis of organoid models from multiple organ systems (lung, liver, brain, intestine, kidney, blood vessels).
- Synthesis of findings on host-pathogen interactions and disease mechanisms.
Main Results:
- Human organoids serve as valuable experimental platforms for SARS-CoV-2 research.
- Organoid models recapitulate key aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection across different tissues.
- Studies reveal insights into COVID-19 pathogenesis through organoid systems.
Conclusions:
- Human organoids are ideal tools for investigating SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19.
- Organoid research facilitates the elucidation of viral pathogenesis mechanisms.
- Organoid platforms accelerate the development of vaccines, drugs, and therapies for COVID-19.
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