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Excess success in articles on object-based attention.

Gregory Francis1,2, Evelina Thunell3,4,5

  • 1Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA. gfrancis@purdue.edu.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics
|March 2, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Over half of studies on object-based attention may have questionable results, with low replication probabilities. Common sample sizes are too small to reliably detect even basic effects.

Keywords:
AttentionObject-basedStatistics

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • The object-based attention effect has been extensively studied for 25 years using the two-rectangles paradigm.
  • Previous research has yielded numerous findings on the properties of object-based attention.
  • Concerns have been raised regarding potential questionable research practices within this body of literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To statistically evaluate the reliability of findings in object-based attention research.
  • To quantify potential questionable research practices using the Test for Excess Success (TES).
  • To assess the adequacy of sample sizes in typical object-based attention studies.

Main Methods:

  • Applied the Test for Excess Success (TES) to 37 articles with four or more experiments on object-based attention.
  • TES estimates the probability of replicating original study success with identical sample sizes.
  • Conducted a new large-sample study to verify the basic object-based attention effect.

Main Results:

  • 51% (19 of 37) of analyzed articles exhibited a replication probability below 0.1, suggesting results may be 'too good to be true'.
  • The new large-sample study confirmed the existence of the basic object-based attention effect in the two-rectangles paradigm.
  • Power analysis revealed that commonly used sample sizes in this field are insufficient for reliably detecting the basic effect.

Conclusions:

  • A significant portion of the object-based attention literature may be based on unreliable findings due to potential questionable research practices.
  • The basic object-based attention effect is real, but requires adequate statistical power for reliable detection.
  • Future research in object-based attention necessitates larger sample sizes and rigorous methodological standards to ensure robust conclusions.