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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
731
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists01:23

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Prostacyclin Receptor Agonists

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Prostacyclin receptor agonists are a class of therapeutic agents integral to managing pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). These drugs operate by mimicking the action of prostaglandin I2, or PGI2, a naturally occurring compound in the body.
These agonists bind to the IPR receptor situated on the plasma membrane of the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. This binding triggers a cascade of reactions known as the GS-AC-cAMP-PKA pathway. This pathway results in the relaxation of smooth muscle...
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Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents01:20

Drugs for Peptic Ulcer Disease: Prostaglandin Analogs as Mucosal Protective Agents

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The gastric mucosa produces prostaglandins E2 (PGE2) and prostacyclin (PGI2), crucial in maintaining gastric health. They exert cytoprotective effects, including increasing bicarbonate secretion, releasing protective mucin, reducing gastric acid output, and preventing harmful vasoconstriction. These effects are mediated through various receptors, such as EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can induce peptic ulcers by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, decreasing...
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Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

938
Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
938
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

864
Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses01:11

Direct-Acting Cholinergic Agonists: Therapeutic Uses

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Direct-acting cholinergic agonists have many therapeutic uses in various medical fields. Choline esters, including acetylcholine, have limited clinical utility due to their non-selectivity and short duration of action. Still, acetylcholine and carbachol are applied topically during ophthalmologic surgery to induce miosis. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic and ganglionic stimulator, effectively treats open-angle glaucoma and alleviates xerostomia and dry mouth caused by radiotherapy or Sjögren...
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[Role of point-by-point light sensitivity in the assessment of glaucoma progression].

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[The effect of keratoconus-associated refractive errors on the results of tomographic methods of studying the posterior structures of the eye].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents
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[Prostaglandins in ophthalmology].

V P Erichev1

  • 1Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

Vestnik Oftalmologii
|March 2, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Prostaglandins are key mediators of inflammation and physiological processes. Prostaglandin analogues effectively treat glaucoma by lowering intraocular pressure (IOP), but require caution in patients with prior inflammatory eye conditions.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Prostaglandins are vital physiological agents with diverse medical applications.
  • They play a role in inflammatory processes like vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, pain, and fever.
  • Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can mitigate inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin secretion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of prostaglandins in physiological and pathological processes.
  • To highlight the therapeutic potential of prostaglandin analogues in medicine, particularly in ophthalmology.
  • To discuss the safety profile and contraindications of prostaglandin analogues.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of prostaglandin functions and therapeutic uses.
  • Analysis of prostaglandin analogues' mechanism of action in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP).
Keywords:
aseptic inflammationglaucomaintraocular pressurenon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsprostaglandins

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  • Examination of clinical considerations and patient populations for prostaglandin analogue therapy.

    • Main Results:

    • Prostaglandins are implicated in conditions ranging from cardiovascular diseases to inflammation.
    • Prostaglandin analogues demonstrate significant efficacy in lowering IOP (20-40%) through a unique mechanism.
    • These analogues possess a favorable safety profile, positioning them as first-line glaucoma treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Prostaglandins are crucial in both normal physiology and inflammatory conditions.
    • Prostaglandin analogues are effective and safe for managing glaucoma.
    • Caution is advised for patients with a history of inflammatory eye diseases or those undergoing cataract surgery when using prostaglandin analogues.