Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Homologous Recombination

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

Restarting Stalled Replication Forks

DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

DNA Helicases

DNA Helicases

DNA unwinding helicase enzymes are a type of motor protein. Motor proteins can translocate along filaments or polymers using energy generated from ATP hydrolysis. Helicases are involved in all the important cellular processes where DNA unwinding is required, such as DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcription. They are present in all living organisms, but vary in their structure, function, and mechanism of action. For example, in prokaryotes, DnaB helicase binds and translocates...

The Replisome

The Replisome

DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Application of TOAST criteria, comorbidities and outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke: multicenter collaboration in the Dominican Republic.

Frontiers in stroke·2026

Same author

Genetic dissection of DNA damage tolerance in Bacillus subtilis: RecA and recombination functions regulate translesion synthesis.

Nucleic acids research·2026

Same author

Mechanisms of chromosomal DNA replication in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

FEMS microbiology reviews·2026

Same author

Gram-negative-staining Bacillaceae with thick cell wall and monoderm architecture uncover evolutionary diversity and challenge Gram-based classification.

Communications biology·2026

Same author

Recovering vision function after post-traumatic bilateral occipital infarction.

Acta neurologica Belgica·2026

Same author

Catabolism of serine enantiomers represses enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> virulence factors via modulation of the nitrogen stress response.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Published on: June 25, 2013

The RecD2 helicase balances RecA activities.

Cristina Ramos¹, Rogelio Hernández-Tamayo^2,3, María López-Sanz¹

¹Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, 28049Madrid, Spain.

Nucleic Acids Research

|March 2, 2022

Summary

Bacillus subtilis RecD2 protein, when interacting with RecA, counteracts RecA

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level

Published on: July 26, 2024

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51

Published on: February 13, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

Published on: June 25, 2013

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Motion Dynamics of the Eukaryotic Replisome Components at the Single-Molecule Level

Published on: July 26, 2024

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51

Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51

Published on: February 13, 2019

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
DNA Replication
DNA Repair

Background:

RecD2 family DNA helicases are widespread.
The specific roles of Bacillus subtilis RecD2 in DNA replication and its interaction with RecA are not fully understood.
Single-stranded binding protein SsbA may play a role in RecD2 function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the function of RecD2 during DNA replication.
To elucidate the interaction between RecD2 and RecA recombinase.
To understand RecD2's role in overcoming replicative stress.

Main Methods:

In vivo studies involving recD2 inactivation and mitomycin C treatment.
In vitro biochemical assays examining RecD2-RecA interactions.
Analysis of DNA strand-exchange and branch migration.

Main Results:

RecD2 inhibits replication restart, dependent on SsbA.
RecD2 counteracts the inhibitory effect of RecA on DNA synthesis.
RecD2 physically interacts with RecA, modulating its DNA binding and activity.
recD2 inactivation leads to increased RecA-ssDNA accumulation in vivo.

Conclusions:

RecD2 plays a crucial role in managing replicative stress by interacting with RecA.
RecD2 may act as a negative modulator of RecA filament formation by promoting RecA removal from ssDNA.
These findings clarify the interplay between RecD2, RecA, and SsbA in DNA replication and repair pathways.