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Persisting Symptoms After COVID-19.

Christian Förster1, Miriam Giovanna Colombo, Anna-Jasmin Wetzel

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Many patients experience long COVID symptoms, including fatigue and concentration issues, even if not hospitalized. Female sex, comorbidities, and acute COVID-19 severity are key risk factors for these persistent post-COVID-19 conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • A significant number of individuals experience long-term sequelae after recovering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • Existing epidemiologic data on long COVID symptoms are highly variable due to differences in study design and patient cohorts.
  • This study employs a population-based approach to investigate symptoms and clinical characteristics of long COVID, specifically focusing on post-COVID-19 conditions persisting for at least 12 weeks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of post-COVID-19 symptoms in a population-based cohort.
  • To identify the most frequent long-term symptoms experienced by patients after COVID-19 infection.
  • To analyze risk factors associated with the development of post-COVID-19 conditions.

Main Methods:

  • A population-based study was conducted in three German administrative districts.
  • Adult patients (n=4632) with PCR-confirmed COVID-19 between March and September 2020 were invited to complete a questionnaire.
  • Predictors for post-COVID-19 were identified using multiple ordinal regression analysis (n=1459 included).

Main Results:

  • The prevalence of post-COVID-19 was 72.6% in hospitalized patients and 46.2% in non-hospitalized patients.
  • The most common long-term symptoms included fatigue (41.5%), physical exhaustion (40.8%), difficulty concentrating (30.6%), and loss of taste/smell (25.9%/25.5%).
  • Female sex, greater comorbidity severity, and higher acute COVID-19 severity were significant risk factors for post-COVID-19.

Conclusions:

  • Non-hospitalized patients also frequently experience persistent symptoms following COVID-19.
  • The diverse range of symptoms necessitates a multidisciplinary, stepped-care approach, with early identification of at-risk patients being crucial.
  • A limitation of this study is the absence of a control group for comparison.