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Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification

Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
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Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:

Asthma-I: Introduction

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory ailment that requires careful management due to its varying symptoms and influencing factors. It is characterized by airway inflammation, bronchial hyperresponsiveness, and reversible airflow obstruction, leading to symptoms like wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. The symptom frequency and intensity may vary considerably over time. It is also linked to immune system responses to allergens and irritants, highlighting the complex...

Other Pulmonary Disorders

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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

Fungal Phylum Ascomycota

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Phylum Ascomycota, a major division within the subkingdom Dikarya, comprises a diverse range of fungal species, including both unicellular yeasts and filamentous molds such as Aspergillus and Penicillium. These fungi thrive in a variety of habitats, from aquatic ecosystems to terrestrial environments, playing crucial ecological and economic roles.Morphology and ReproductionThe defining characteristic of Ascomycetes, commonly referred to as sac fungi, is the ascus—a sac-like structure that...

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-II: Pathophysiology

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Chronic Inflammation

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Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Haematological Malignancy Patients by using Lateral-flow Technology

Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Haematological Malignancy Patients by using Lateral-flow Technology

Published on: March 22, 2012

Allergic Bronchopulmonary Aspergillosis.

Ritesh Agarwal¹, Valliappan Muthu¹, Inderpaul S Sehgal¹

¹Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Sector-12, Chandigarh 160012, India.

Clinics in Chest Medicine

|March 3, 2022

Summary

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), an immune reaction to Aspergillus fumigatus, often complicates asthma. Early diagnosis and treatment of ABPA can prevent irreversible lung damage like bronchiectasis.

Keywords:

ABPA ABPM Aspergillus Asthma allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis cystic fibrosis

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Published on: September 18, 2021

Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Immunology
Infectious Disease

Background:

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is an immune disorder triggered by Aspergillus fumigatus.
It frequently affects individuals with poorly controlled asthma, leading to symptoms like persistent wheezing, lung opacities, and bronchiectasis.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide a comprehensive overview of current knowledge regarding ABPA.
To cover the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies for ABPA.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research on ABPA.
Analysis of clinical presentations, diagnostic criteria, and treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

ABPA involves persistent Aspergillus fumigatus in the airways and a heightened type-2 immune response.
Key clinical features include uncontrolled asthma, transient pulmonary infiltrates, and the development of bronchiectasis.

Conclusions:

Timely diagnosis and appropriate management of ABPA are crucial for preventing the progression of bronchiectasis.
Understanding the multifaceted nature of ABPA is essential for effective patient care.