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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle01:27

Introduction to Stress and Lifestyle

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Stress is a multifaceted response to events perceived as challenging or threatening, highlighting physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral reactions. Physically, stress can lead to fatigue, sleep disruptions, and various health issues such as frequent colds, chest pains, and nausea. Emotionally, it can manifest as anxiety, depression, irritability, and anger triggered by both minor and major life events. Cognitively, it may result in difficulty in concentration, memory, and...
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Cardiomyopathy VII: Pre and Post Operative Nursing Management01:28

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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
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Physiological Foundation of Stress01:24

Physiological Foundation of Stress

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Stress triggers a coordinated physiological response involving the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This dual activation ensures that the body is prepared for both immediate and prolonged stress management. The process begins with the perception of a stressor. This initial phase activates the SNS, leading to the rapid release of adrenaline (epinephrine) from the adrenal glands.
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Psychological Responses to Stress01:20

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Psychological responses to stress encompass the various cognitive and emotional reactions individuals experience when faced with challenging or threatening situations, such as a job loss. Prolonged exposure to stressors can disturb emotional balance, increasing negative emotions (e.g., anxiety and sadness) and diminishing positive emotions (e.g., joy and satisfaction). These persistent emotional shifts are associated with an increased risk of both physical illness and mental health issues, such...
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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Stress Prevention and Stress Management Techniques IV01:26

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Stress often leads to unhealthy habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and overeating, which offer short-term relief but ultimately increase long-term health risks. These behaviors create a cycle that temporarily lowers stress levels but can result in severe long-term health consequences. Breaking these habits is essential to reduce the risk of chronic diseases and improve overall well-being. Three primary changes that support better health include quitting smoking, reducing alcohol intake,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

A Mouse Tumor Model of Surgical Stress to Explore the Mechanisms of Postoperative Immunosuppression and Evaluate Novel Perioperative Immunotherapies
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Modifying the Stress Response - Perioperative Considerations and Controversies.

Leigh J S Kelliher1, Michael Scott2

  • 1Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Egerton Road, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7AS, UK.

Anesthesiology Clinics
|March 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing surgical stress response can improve patient outcomes. The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program provides guidelines for perioperative care, leading to better results.

Keywords:
AnesthesiaEnhanced recovery after surgeryMetabolic response to surgeryModification of the stress responsePerioperative careStress response to surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Perioperative Medicine
  • Surgical Stress Response
  • Clinical Practice Guidelines

Background:

  • Modifying the surgical stress response is a long-standing concept aimed at improving perioperative outcomes.
  • Various techniques have been explored, but success has been inconsistent.
  • Defining and measuring the success of stress response modification remains debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the concept of modifying the surgical stress response for enhanced perioperative outcomes.
  • To highlight the role of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) movement in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and techniques for modifying surgical stress response.
  • Examination of the principles behind the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program.

Main Results:

  • The Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) movement has developed evidence-based guidelines for perioperative care.
  • These guidelines have been applied across multiple surgical specialties.
  • Implementation of ERAS protocols has led to significant improvements in patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Modification of the surgical stress response is a key component of modern perioperative care.
  • The ERAS program offers a structured approach to improving surgical outcomes.
  • Further research and consensus are needed on measurement and clinical translation of stress response modification.