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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Potential Due to a Magnetized Object01:24

Potential Due to a Magnetized Object

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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
The vector...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Paramagnetism01:30

Paramagnetism

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Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...
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The magnetic field due to a volume current distribution given by the Biot–Savart Law can be expressed as follows:
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Progress and prospects in magnetic topological materials.

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Magnetic topological materials offer dissipationless transport and advanced applications. This review covers theoretical and experimental breakthroughs, including magnetic Weyl semimetals and topological insulators.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Magnetic topological materials exhibit unique electronic properties governed by topology and magnetism.
  • These materials enable applications like low-dissipation spin transport and information storage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review theoretical and experimental advancements in magnetic topological materials.
  • To highlight key discoveries such as magnetic Weyl semimetals and topological insulators.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical prediction of topological phases.
  • Experimental realization and characterization of novel materials.
  • Tabulation of magnetic symmetry group representations and topology.

Main Results:

  • Discovery of magnetic Weyl semimetals and antiferromagnetic topological insulators.
  • Experimental realization of Chern insulators, Dirac magnetic semimetals, and axionic topological phases.
  • Comprehensive cataloging of magnetic symmetry and topology.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding and utilizing magnetic topological materials.
  • Future research directions include exploring new topological phases and applications.