Gα12 and Gα13: Versatility in Physiology and Pathology
Paipai Guo1, Yu Tai1, Manman Wang1
1Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|March 3, 2022
Summary
Gα12/13 signaling is crucial for cell functions and diseases. This review details Gα12/13 pathways, their roles in cell processes, and impacts on cancer, inflammation, and metabolic disorders.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Cellular Signaling
- Medical Research
Background:
- G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are vital cell surface signal receivers.
- Heterotrimeric G proteins act as molecular switches activated by GPCRs.
- The Gα12 subfamily (Gα12/13) is increasingly recognized for its role in cellular functions and disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the structural aspects of Gα12/13 isoforms.
- To elucidate the coupling mechanisms of GPCRs and non-GPCRs to Gα12/13.
- To discuss the physiological and pathological roles of Gα12/13 signaling.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of existing research on Gα12/13 signaling.
- Analysis of structural sequences of Gα12/13 isoforms.
- Synthesis of data on Gα12/13 interactions with other signaling pathways.
Main Results:
- Gα12/13 signaling influences RhoA and other pathways.
- These pathways regulate cell proliferation, migration, and immune cell function.
- Altered Gα12/13 expression is linked to various human diseases.
Conclusions:
- Gα12/13 signaling is a key player in diverse cellular processes.
- Dysregulation of Gα12/13 contributes to pathologies including cancer, inflammation, metabolic, fibrotic, and circulatory disorders.
- Further mechanistic research into Gα12/13 is warranted.
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