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Related Concept Videos

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

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The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...
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Cerebral Hemispheres01:05

Cerebral Hemispheres

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The human brain, a complex organ, is functionally divided into two cerebral hemispheres—left and right. These hemispheres are interconnected by a structure of paramount importance, the corpus callosum. This substantial bundle of neural fibers is not just a bridge between the hemispheres but a crucial element for the brain's comprehensive functioning. It enables efficient communication between the two hemispheres, allowing each side of the brain to control and receive sensory and motor...
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Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

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Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
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Lobes of the Cerebrum01:22

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The cerebral cortex, a critical structure of the brain, is intricately divided into two hemispheres, each consisting of four distinct lobes: occipital, temporal, frontal, and parietal. These lobes function cooperatively to regulate various cognitive and sensory functions, forming the basis of our complex neural capabilities.
Frontal lobe
The frontal lobes, located behind the forehead, are the command center of our brain, controlling personality, intelligence, and voluntary muscle movements....
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Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

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The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
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Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

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The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Exploring Deep Space - Uncovering the Anatomy of Periventricular Structures to Reveal the Lateral Ventricles of the Human Brain
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A co-alteration parceling of the cingulate cortex.

Jordi Manuello1,2, Lorenzo Mancuso2, Donato Liloia3,4

  • 1GCS fMRI, Koelliker Hospital and University of Turin, Turin, Italy.

Brain Structure & Function
|March 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel method using Bayesian co-alteration to map the cingulate cortex, revealing a new fronto-parietal network linked to brain disorders.

Keywords:
Bayesian statisticCingulate cortexHierarchical clusteringMorphometric co-alteration networkRetrosplenial cortex

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Last Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Exploring Deep Space - Uncovering the Anatomy of Periventricular Structures to Reveal the Lateral Ventricles of the Human Brain
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • The cingulate cortex is a complex brain region involved in cognition and emotion.
  • Existing models for cingulate cortex sub-regions are diverse, reflecting its heterogeneity.
  • Understanding cingulate cortex organization is crucial for studying brain disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose an innovative node-wise parceling approach for the cingulate cortex.
  • To identify sub-regions based on meta-analytic Bayesian co-alteration patterns.
  • To explore a novel method for understanding brain organization and pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 193 case-control voxel-based morphometry experiments.
  • Application of Patel's κ index to assess morphometric co-alteration.
  • Hierarchical clustering to identify nodes with similar whole-brain co-alteration patterns.

Main Results:

  • A robust fronto-parietal cluster was identified within the cingulate cortex.
  • This cluster is compatible with the default mode network.
  • A significant interplay was found between the retrosplenial cortex and anterior/posterior cingulate cortex.

Conclusions:

  • Meta-analytic Bayesian co-alteration offers a novel approach to cortical parceling.
  • This method integrates multimodal data, potentially resolving conflicting findings.
  • It provides a data-driven, whole-brain informed strategy for studying pathological brains.