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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Tissue Engineering by Intrinsic Vascularization in an In Vivo Tissue Engineering Chamber
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Vascular Closure: the ABC's.

Sukhdeep Bhogal1, Ron Waksman2

  • 1Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, 110 Irving St.Suite 4B-1, Washington, NWDC, 20010, USA.

Current Cardiology Reports
|March 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Vascular closure devices (VCDs) offer effective hemostasis for endovascular procedures, proving non-inferior to manual compression. These devices can reduce procedure time and costs while maintaining comparable complication rates.

Keywords:
Access-site complicationsLarge-bore accessManual compressionTranscaval closure deviceVascular closureVascular closure devices

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Vascular access and closure are critical components of endovascular procedures.
  • Access site-related complications independently predict adverse procedural outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review vascular closure methods, including manual compression and vascular closure devices (VCDs).
  • To discuss VCD mechanisms, applications in arterial and venous arteriotomies, and associated complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature on vascular closure techniques and devices.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of action for active and passive vascular closure devices.
  • Examination of clinical outcomes and complication rates associated with different closure methods.

Main Results:

  • Vascular closure devices (VCDs) have demonstrated non-inferiority compared to manual compression.
  • VCDs reduce time to hemostasis, enabling early ambulation and discharge.
  • Hospitalization costs may be reduced with VCD use, with comparable complication rates to manual compression.

Conclusions:

  • Uncomplicated vascular closure is essential for preventing adverse procedural outcomes.
  • VCDs facilitate faster patient recovery and potentially lower costs.
  • Appropriate patient selection for VCDs is important, considering vascular anatomy.