Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

7.3K
Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...
7.3K
Surface Membrane Barriers01:18

Surface Membrane Barriers

1.6K
The skin and mucous membranes serve as the primary line of defense against pathogens by providing both physical and chemical protection. These barriers are essential in preventing the entry and establishment of microbes, thereby maintaining the integrity of the host.
The outer layer of the skin, the epidermis, is a robust barrier comprising layers of closely packed keratinized cells. This dense arrangement prevents microbes from penetrating the body. The periodic shedding of epidermal cells...
1.6K
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

118.1K
Overview
118.1K
Secondary Lymphoid Organs01:15

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

5.0K
Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...
5.0K
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

74.7K
Overview
74.7K
Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens01:31

Defense Against Bacterial Pathogens

1.6K
The human immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend the body against bacterial infections. It consists of various immune cells, each playing a specific role in the defense mechanism.
Phagocytes
Phagocytes are the frontline soldiers of the immune system. They include neutrophils and macrophages. Neutrophils are the most abundant type of white blood cell and are quickly mobilized to the site of infection. Macrophages are larger cells that patrol...
1.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Divergent immune responses to commensal bacteria bearing distinct motility signatures.

Science immunology·2025
Same author

Diversity of motility gene signatures distinguishes commensal Clostridia that elicit divergent host immune responses.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Intestinal barrier function declines during polycystic kidney disease progression.

American journal of physiology. Renal physiology·2024
Same author

Early Life Stress in Mice Leads to Impaired Colonic Corticosterone Production and Prolonged Inflammation Following Induction of Colitis.

Inflammatory bowel diseases·2023
Same author

Hedgehog blockade remodels the gut microbiota and the intestinal effector CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in a mouse model of mammary carcinoma.

Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology·2022
Same author

ICOS ligand and IL-10 synergize to promote host-microbiota mutualism.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2021
Same journal

Early risk stratification of late-onset sepsis in very preterm infants by intestinal microbiota profiling: a multicenter case-control validation study.

Gut microbes·2026
Same journal

Multi-omics analysis of saccharomyces boulardii supplementation reveals coordinated microbiome, metabolic, and immune signaling changes accompanying tumor suppression.

Gut microbes·2026
Same journal

Is <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> the key mediator between oral infections and systemic diseases? Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.

Gut microbes·2026
Same journal

Emergence of invasive <i>Escherichia coli</i> pathobionts in gut microbiome promotes cancer stemness via targeting Hippo pathways.

Gut microbes·2026
Same journal

Microbiome and metabolites impact enteric and central nervous systems in ALS.

Gut microbes·2026
Same journal

Perinatal ampicillin exposure alters murine maternal fecal bile acid and acylcarnitine profiles.

Gut microbes·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Three-dimensional Quantification of Intestinal Mucus Using Whole-mount Tissue Imaging
05:09

Three-dimensional Quantification of Intestinal Mucus Using Whole-mount Tissue Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2025

89

Mucus, commensals, and the immune system.

Qing Zhao1, Craig L Maynard1,2

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, 35294, USA.

Gut Microbes
|March 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The mucus layer in the large intestine separates the immune system from gut microbes. New findings reveal how this mucus-associated microbiota and immune system dialogue impacts intestinal inflammation.

Keywords:
Colon mucus layerT-dependentT-independentanti-commensal IgAanti-commensal IgGflagellinlachnospiraceaemucus-associated bacteria

More Related Videos

Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
08:24

Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach

Published on: May 2, 2018

19.8K
An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

4.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Three-dimensional Quantification of Intestinal Mucus Using Whole-mount Tissue Imaging
05:09

Three-dimensional Quantification of Intestinal Mucus Using Whole-mount Tissue Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2025

89
Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach
08:24

Injections of Lipopolysaccharide into Mice to Mimic Entrance of Microbial-derived Products After Intestinal Barrier Breach

Published on: May 2, 2018

19.8K
An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions
05:27

An Intestinal Gut Organ Culture System for Analyzing Host-Microbiota Interactions

Published on: June 30, 2021

4.5K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The colonic immune system is shielded by epithelial cells and dual mucus layers.
  • The mucus layer harbors mucus-associated (MA) microbiota, crucial for host-microbe interactions.
  • This barrier maintains immune tolerance and spatial segregation of microbes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on immune system and MA microbiota crosstalk.
  • To integrate new insights into host-microbiota mutualism at the colonic border.
  • To explore the implications for chronic intestinal inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent major findings.
  • Integration of novel observations into existing understanding.
  • Speculation on the significance of emerging knowledge.

Main Results:

  • Novel features of immune system and MA bacteria crosstalk identified.
  • Disease-related peripheral immune signatures linked to host responses to MA organisms.
  • Dynamic dialog between MA microbiota and immune system highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging knowledge deepens understanding of host-microbiota mutualism at the colonic mucosal border.
  • This understanding is significant for chronic intestinal inflammation prevention, development, and progression.
  • Further research into this crosstalk is essential for managing gut health.