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Bilateral Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Distinct Phenotype Entity.

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Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) most commonly affects one ear. Simultaneous bilateral SSNHL indicates a potential systemic disease and has a worse hearing recovery prognosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Audiology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is an otologic emergency.
  • Understanding the varied clinical presentations and prognoses of SSNHL is crucial for effective management.
  • Differentiating between unilateral and bilateral SSNHL is important for diagnosis and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical characteristics and hearing prognosis of patients experiencing unilateral and bilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
  • To compare the outcomes of simultaneous bilateral SSNHL versus nonsimultaneous bilateral and unilateral SSNHL.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study analyzing 239 patient records with SSNHL.
  • Comparison of demographic, clinical, and audiometric data (pre- and post-treatment).

Main Results:

  • Unilateral SSNHL was the most frequent presentation (77.82%).
  • Underlying causes were more common in bilateral simultaneous SSNHL (100%).
  • Simultaneous bilateral SSNHL cases exhibited more severe hearing loss and a significantly worse hearing recovery prognosis (p=0.002).

Conclusions:

  • SSNHL presents with significant heterogeneity, with unilateral cases being most common.
  • Simultaneous bilateral SSNHL may represent a distinct disease process requiring investigation for underlying systemic conditions.
  • The prognosis for simultaneous bilateral SSNHL differs significantly from unilateral and nonsimultaneous bilateral SSNHL.