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Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Generating Transposon Insertion Libraries in Gram-Negative Bacteria for High-Throughput Sequencing
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Overview of polymyxin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae

Kesia Esther da Silva1,2, Luana Rossato1, Andressa Ferraz Leite1

  • 1Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde, Dourados, MS, Brasil.

Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical
|March 3, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Polymyxin antibiotics are regaining interest for treating multidrug-resistant infections. This review details polymyxin resistance mechanisms and epidemiology, crucial for developing new treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Polymyxin antibiotics, once disfavored due to toxicity (especially nephrotoxicity), are seeing renewed interest.
  • The rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative bacteria and a limited antibiotic pipeline necessitate exploring older drugs.
  • Polymyxins represent a critical last-resort treatment option for challenging infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on polymyxin resistance mechanisms.
  • To summarize the molecular epidemiology of polymyxin-resistant pathogens.
  • To inform the development of novel antibacterial agents and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on polymyxin resistance.
  • Analysis of molecular epidemiology data for relevant bacterial pathogens.
  • Synthesis of current information on resistance mechanisms and their prevalence.

Main Results:

  • Detailed overview of established and emerging polymyxin resistance mechanisms.
  • Information on the global distribution and trends of polymyxin resistance.
  • Identification of key resistance determinants and their genetic basis.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding polymyxin resistance is vital for effective clinical use.
  • Knowledge of resistance mechanisms and epidemiology aids in developing new drugs.
  • This review provides a foundation for future research and therapeutic interventions against MDR gram-negative infections.

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