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Maternal Body Mass Index and Risk of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants

Reina Mayor1, Ariana Mora1, Carlos Carmona1

  • 1Department of Neonatology, AdventHealth for Children, Orlando, Florida.

American Journal of Perinatology
|March 3, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Maternal body mass index (BMI) was not linked to death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely low birth weight infants. However, elevated maternal BMI correlated with a lower risk of death but a higher risk of BPD.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatalogy
  • Perinatal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and mortality are significant concerns for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.
  • Maternal health factors, including body mass index (BMI), may influence neonatal outcomes.
  • Understanding the relationship between maternal BMI and adverse outcomes in ELBW infants is crucial for improving care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between maternal body mass index (BMI) and the composite outcome of death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants.
  • To determine if deviation from an ideal maternal BMI of 24 impacts the risk of death or BPD in ELBW infants.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study of ELBW infants admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) between 2012 and 2017.
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) defined as continuous supplemental oxygen use at 36 weeks post-menstrual age.
  • Analysis of the relationship between maternal BMI deviation from 24 and the composite outcome of death or BPD.

Main Results:

  • No significant association was found between maternal BMI deviation from the ideal of 24 and the composite outcome of death or BPD (p=0.966).
  • A higher maternal BMI was associated with a lower risk of death (p=0.024).
  • Conversely, a higher maternal BMI was associated with a higher risk of BPD (p=0.045).

Conclusions:

  • Maternal BMI was not associated with the combined endpoint of death or BPD in ELBW infants.
  • The findings suggest a complex interplay where elevated maternal BMI may confer a protective effect against death while increasing the risk for BPD in this vulnerable population.
Abstract

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