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Achromobacter xylosoxidans Purulent Bronchitis in a Previously Healthy Child: An Unexpected Consequence of COVID-19

Nusa Matijasic1, Ana Tripalo Batos2, Jasna Lenicek Krleza3

  • 1Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children's Hospital Zagreb, Zagreb, HRV.

Cureus
|March 4, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Achromobacter xylosoxidans caused severe bronchitis in a healthy teen after mild COVID-19. This highlights how viral infections can predispose individuals to bacterial complications.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Achromobacter xylosoxidans is a Gram-negative bacterium known for antimicrobial resistance.
  • It is typically found in immunocompromised patients or those with cystic fibrosis.
  • Bacterial coinfections can complicate viral respiratory illnesses.

Observation:

  • A previously healthy 14-year-old girl presented with prolonged cough and dyspnea after a mild viral respiratory infection.
  • Bronchoscopy revealed bilateral purulent bronchitis.
  • Achromobacter xylosoxidans was identified in bronchoalveolar lavage samples.

Findings:

  • The patient tested positive for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • The mild COVID-19 infection created conditions favorable for A. xylosoxidans proliferation.
  • A. xylosoxidans was determined to be the causative agent of the purulent bronchitis.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the potential for secondary bacterial infections following even mild viral respiratory illnesses.
  • It highlights the importance of considering bacterial coinfections in patients with persistent respiratory symptoms post-viral infection.
  • Further research may explore the mechanisms by which viral infections predispose to A. xylosoxidans.

Keywords:
achromobacterbronchitiscovid-19purulentxylosoxidans

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