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Related Concept Videos

Metacognition01:26

Metacognition

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Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
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Counterfactual thinking is a cognitive process wherein individuals mentally reconstruct alternative versions of past events, often beginning with “what if” or “if only.” This reflective mechanism plays a significant role in shaping emotional experiences and guiding future behavior. Though typically triggered by unfavorable or unexpected outcomes, counterfactual thinking can also emerge in mundane, everyday decisions and experiences, revealing its deep entrenchment in...
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Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

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Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
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Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

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The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
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Controlled processes in human consciousness represent high-alert mental states where individuals deliberately focus their attention on achieving specific goals. Controlled processes can be seen in situations like mastering new technology, where a person might become so absorbed that they ignore surrounding distractions. Such processes involve selective attention, requiring one to concentrate on particular elements of experience while disregarding others. These are governed by executive...
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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Metacognition in functional cognitive disorder.

Rohan Bhome1, Andrew McWilliams2,3,4,5, Gary Price6

  • 1Dementia Research Centre, University College London, 8-11 Queen Square, London, UK.

Brain Communications
|March 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional cognitive disorder involves intact local metacognition but impaired global metacognition. This suggests a disconnect between immediate performance monitoring and long-term self-assessment, impacting cognitive processing.

Keywords:
Bayesian modeldepressionfunctional cognitive disordermetacognitionsignal detection theory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Metacognition Research

Background:

  • Functional cognitive disorder (FCD) is prevalent, yet its underlying neurological and cognitive mechanisms are not well understood.
  • Metacognition, the ability to monitor and reflect on one's own cognitive processes, is a potential key factor in FCD.
  • Metacognition encompasses both local (moment-to-moment performance confidence) and global (long-term self-assessment) aspects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare local and global metacognitive performance in individuals diagnosed with functional cognitive disorder.
  • To investigate the relationship between metacognitive abilities, depression, and anxiety in FCD.
  • To explore potential dissociations between different levels of metacognition in FCD.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 18 participants with FCD and two control groups.
  • Computerized tasks were used to measure local metacognitive efficiency for perception and memory via the hierarchical meta-d' model.
  • Global metacognition was assessed using the Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire, alongside anxiety and depression scales (e.g., Patient Health Questionnaire-9).

Main Results:

  • Participants with FCD demonstrated intact local metacognitive efficiency for both perceptual and memory tasks compared to controls.
  • Individuals with FCD exhibited significantly lower global metacognition scores (both ability and satisfaction) than normative data.
  • Lower global metacognition scores were associated with local metacognitive bias and higher depression scores.

Conclusions:

  • Functional cognitive disorder is characterized by intact local metacognition but impaired global metacognition, indicating a dissociation.
  • This metacognitive decoupling may contribute to the subjective experience of cognitive dysfunction in FCD.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the interplay between local and global metacognition in FCD.