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Related Concept Videos

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Related Experiment Video

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Study of In Vivo Glucose Metabolism in High-fat Diet-fed Mice Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Test OGTT and Insulin Tolerance Test ITT
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A protocol for studying glucose homeostasis and islet function in mice.

Dana Al Rijjal1, Michael B Wheeler1,2

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Medical Science Building Rm#3352, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.

STAR Protocols
|March 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a protocol to assess glucose homeostasis and islet function using glucose tolerance tests and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The method allows for comprehensive evaluation in mice, with potential applications in rats, cell lines, and human studies.

Keywords:
Cell BiologyCell isolationMetabolismModel Organisms

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Diabetes Research

Background:

  • Glucose tolerance tests and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion are crucial for evaluating glucose metabolism and pancreatic islet cell function.
  • Assessing these parameters is vital for the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus.
  • Existing methods may require refinement for comprehensive in vivo and ex vivo analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a detailed protocol for assessing glucose homeostasis and islet function.
  • To integrate in vivo glucose tolerance testing with ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion assays.
  • To establish a unified approach applicable across different species and cell models.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo glucose tolerance testing (GTT) to assess systemic glucose handling.
  • Islet isolation from pancreatic tissue.
  • Ex vivo glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assays using isolated islets.
  • Application of the protocol in mouse models.

Main Results:

  • The protocol successfully integrates GTT for in vivo assessment with GSIS for ex vivo islet function analysis.
  • Demonstrated the utility of the combined approach for evaluating glucose homeostasis and pancreatic islet function in mice.
  • Established a reproducible methodology for diabetes research.

Conclusions:

  • This protocol offers a comprehensive method for evaluating glucose homeostasis and islet function.
  • The methodology is adaptable for use in rats, beta cell lines, and human studies.
  • Provides a valuable tool for diabetes research and metabolic studies.