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Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

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Cognitive and academic outcomes in children with chronic kidney disease

Siah Kim1,2, Anita Van Zwieten3,4, Jennifer Lorenzo5

  • 1Centre for Kidney Research, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia. Siah.kim@health.nsw.gov.au.

Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany)
|March 4, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) on kidney replacement therapy (KRT) show lower cognitive and academic skills. However, academic performance decline is consistent across all CKD stages over time.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Neuropsychology
  • Child Development

Background:

  • Limited data exist on the long-term cognitive and academic functioning of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • Understanding these trajectories is crucial for effective management and support.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the association between chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages and cognitive and academic performance in children over time.
  • To compare the performance of children with different stages of CKD and those on kidney replacement therapy (KRT).

Main Methods:

  • 53 children (aged 6-18) with CKD stages 1-5, on dialysis, or with a functioning kidney transplant were assessed annually.
  • Psychometric tests evaluated full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), word reading, numerical operations, and spelling.
  • Linear regression and mixed models analyzed the effect of CKD stage, adjusted for socioeconomic status.

Main Results:

  • Children on KRT had low average FSIQ (87) compared to CKD stages 1-5 (101).
  • Children on KRT scored significantly lower in FSIQ, word reading, numerical operations, and spelling than children with CKD stages 1-5.
  • Spelling and numerical operations declined annually, irrespective of CKD stage.

Conclusions:

  • Children undergoing KRT exhibit lower cognitive abilities and academic performance in numeracy and literacy.
  • Academic performance decline is consistent across all stages of CKD.
  • These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to support cognitive and academic development in children with CKD.
Abstract

Keywords:
Academic achievementCKDCognitionPaediatric

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