Autoimmune disease and sickle cell anaemia: 'Intersecting pathways and differential diagnosis'

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Rheumatology
• Genetics

Background:

• Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited, multisystemic disorder affecting millions globally.
• SCD's musculoskeletal manifestations can mimic autoimmune diseases (AD), causing diagnostic challenges.
• Misdiagnosis delays treatment and can lead to suboptimal patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and differentiate clinical and laboratory findings of SCD and AD.
• To guide hematologists and physicians in distinguishing AD in sickle cell anemia patients.
• To facilitate earlier and more accurate diagnosis of AD in SCD patients.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of SCD and AD.
• Analysis of clinical features and laboratory results for differentiation.
• Focus on distinguishing SCD from systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.

Main Results:

• Identification of key clinical and laboratory features distinguishing SCD from AD.
• Highlighting the importance of accurate interpretation of diagnostic assessments.
• Providing a framework for differential diagnosis in complex cases.

Conclusions:

• Accurate knowledge of AD and SCD presentations is crucial for differential diagnosis.
• Distinguishing AD in SCD patients requires careful evaluation of specific clinical and lab data.
• This review aims to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient management.