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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation02:13

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
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Energy production within a cell involves many coordinated chemical pathways. Most of these pathways are combinations of oxidation and reduction reactions, which occur at the same time. An oxidation reaction strips an electron from an atom in a compound, and the addition of this electron to another compound is a reduction reaction. Because oxidation and reduction usually occur together, these pairs of reactions are called redox reactions.
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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Creating Hybrid Coordination Environment in Fe-Based Single Atom Catalyst for Efficient Oxygen Reduction.

Wenlin Zhang1, Lei Wang1, Lu-Hua Zhang1

  • 1National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 300130, Tianjin, P. R. China.

Chemsuschem
|March 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel hybrid coordination environment for iron single-atom catalysts using N,S co-doped graphene oxide and iron phthalocyanine. This N/S-Fe-N4 catalyst shows superior activity in oxygen reduction reactions compared to platinum and traditional iron catalysts.

Keywords:
coordination sphere interactionelectrocatalysisligand designoxygen reduction reactionsingle atom catalysts

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Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry

Background:

  • Optimizing single-atom catalysts (SACs) involves tailoring their local chemical environment.
  • Current research primarily focuses on the binding between metal atoms and solid supports.
  • A hybrid coordination environment offers a new strategy for SAC design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a hybrid coordination environment for iron-based SACs.
  • To investigate the catalytic activity of these novel SACs in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR).
  • To elucidate the electronic structure and catalytic mechanism.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of N,S co-doped graphene oxide supported iron phthalocyanine.
  • Characterization using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) and Mössbauer spectrometry.
  • Electrocatalytic testing for ORR and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

  • Successfully created unique N/S-Fe-N4 active sites.
  • Achieved superior ORR activity with onset potential of 1.02 V and half-wave potential of 0.94 V.
  • Demonstrated performance exceeding commercial Pt/C and traditional Fe-N4 catalysts.
  • DFT revealed electron redistribution facilitating O2 adsorption and activation.

Conclusions:

  • A hybrid coordination environment enhances SAC performance.
  • The N/S-Fe-N4 catalyst represents a promising alternative for ORR.
  • This approach opens new avenues for designing high-performance SACs.