Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Direct Motor Pathways01:11

Direct Motor Pathways

2.7K
The direct motor pathways, also known as the pyramidal tracts, are a group of neural pathways that originate in the brain and descend through the spinal cord. They control the voluntary movement of the body. There are two major direct motor pathways: the corticospinal and the corticobulbar tracts.
The corticospinal tract is responsible for the voluntary movement of the limbs and trunk. It originates in the cerebral cortex of the brain and descends through the cerebrum's internal capsule and...
2.7K
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

1.8K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
1.8K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

5.0K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
5.0K
Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay01:27

Diencephalon: Thalamus and Information Relay

2.4K
The thalamus, often called “the gateway to the cerebral cortex,” is vital in processing and directing sensory and motor signals throughout the brain. Almost all inputs destined for the cerebral cortex, except for olfactory signals, are relayed through the thalamus. The thalamus is  a sophisticated relay station, channeling information from various brain regions to the cerebral cortex, as well as a filter, prioritizing certain signals over others based on current physiological...
2.4K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

1.3K
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
1.3K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

1.1K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
1.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Differential cannabinergic effects on temporal perception and production.

Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology·2025
Same author

Preconfigured cortico-thalamic neural dynamics constrain movement-associated thalamic activity.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Striatal Interneuron Imbalance in a Valproic Acid-Induced Model of Autism in Rodents Is Accompanied by Atypical Somatosensory Processing.

eNeuro·2024
Same author

Using temperature to analyze the neural basis of a time-based decision.

Nature neuroscience·2023
Same author

The Central Medial Thalamic Nucleus Facilitates Bilateral Movement Execution in Rats.

Neuroscience·2022
Same author

Main olfactory bulb reconfiguration by prolonged passive olfactory experience correlates with increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and improved innate olfaction.

The European journal of neuroscience·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior
07:52

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

Published on: November 22, 2021

3.5K

Cortico-striatal circuits for bilaterally coordinated movements.

Ana K Pimentel-Farfan1, Ana S Báez-Cordero1, Teresa M Peña-Rangel1

  • 1Departamento de Neurobiología del Desarrollo y Neurofisiología, Instituto de Neurobiología, UNAM, Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla No. 3001, Querétaro, 76230, México.

Science Advances
|March 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The study reveals that motor cortex projections to the striatum help stabilize and prolong bilateral movements. This highlights the striatum's role in refining movement execution, not its initiation.

More Related Videos

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:52

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

9.3K
Author Spotlight: Assessing Brain Activity in Robotic-Assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation Using fNIRS
05:25

Author Spotlight: Assessing Brain Activity in Robotic-Assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation Using fNIRS

Published on: June 7, 2024

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 1, 2025

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior
07:52

In Vivo Wireless Optogenetic Control of Skilled Motor Behavior

Published on: November 22, 2021

3.5K
Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:52

Measuring and Manipulating Functionally Specific Neural Pathways in the Human Motor System with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: February 23, 2020

9.3K
Author Spotlight: Assessing Brain Activity in Robotic-Assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation Using fNIRS
05:25

Author Spotlight: Assessing Brain Activity in Robotic-Assisted Lower Limb Rehabilitation Using fNIRS

Published on: June 7, 2024

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Coordinated movements rely on complex interactions between cortical and subcortical brain regions.
  • The precise roles of specific neural pathways in movement control remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of cortico-striatal interactions in bilateral forelimb movements.
  • To elucidate the contribution of intratelencephalic bilateral cortico-striatal (bcs-IT) projections to movement control.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized structural lesions, optogenetic manipulation of specific pathways, and electrophysiological recordings in freely moving rats.
  • Focused on analyzing cortico-striatal circuits during bilaterally coordinated forelimb movements.

Main Results:

  • Identified that bcs-IT projections recruit the sensorimotor striatum to enhance stability and duration of bilateral movements.
  • Striatal neural activity correlated with movement duration and kinematics, with bcs-IT stimulation selectively impacting duration representation.

Conclusions:

  • The findings support a modular organization within the striatum for movement control.
  • The striatum is crucial for moment-to-moment movement execution, including stability and duration, but not for movement initiation or selection.