Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-II01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-II

417
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
417
Pulse rhythm01:30

Pulse rhythm

965
Pulse rhythm refers to the pattern of pulsations within specific intervals, offering valuable insights into the regularity or irregularity of the heart's beats as observed through the pattern of pulsation within specific intervals. A regular pulse exhibits a consistent heart rate with uniform waveforms and pulsation force, variations of which can be classified as normal, weak, or bounding.
Conversely, an irregular pulse pattern is termed dysrhythmia, stemming from disruptions in cardiac...
965
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

370
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
370
Acute Respiratory Failure-I01:21

Acute Respiratory Failure-I

378
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
378
Acute Respiratory Failure-IV01:23

Acute Respiratory Failure-IV

257
Respiratory failure can manifest suddenly or gradually, characterized by a rapid decline in PaO2 and a rapid rise in PaCO2. This situation indicates a severe respiratory problem that may quickly become a life-threatening emergency. One of the early signs of hypoxemic Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) is a change in mental status due to the brain's sensitivity to oxygen levels and changes in acid-base balance. Symptoms such as restlessness, confusion, and agitation suggest inadequate oxygen...
257
Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

224
The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
224

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Kidney disease and surveillance testing in children with Bardet-Biedl syndrome: an administrative data study.

Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)·2026
Same author

Prehospital Factors Associated with Low-Acuity Status Among Pediatric Emergency Medical Services Transports in a Multicenter EMS Sample.

Academic pediatrics·2026
Same author

Characterizing pediatric trauma patients and EMS agencies that are optimal targets for prehospital pediatric blood transfusion programs.

Prehospital emergency care·2026
Same author

Cost of pediatric gastroenteritis hospitalizations in the United States.

Journal of hospital medicine·2026
Same author

Assessing school nurses' knowledge and comfort in caring for children returning to school after pediatric critical illness.

Journal of pediatric nursing·2026
Same author

Variability in Vasoactive Medication use Across Pediatric Intensive Care Units: A PICU Data Collaborative Study, 2010-2022.

Journal of intensive care medicine·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
05:56

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: September 6, 2024

4.0K

High-Frequency Utilization of the PICU.

Julia A Heneghan1, Manzilat Akande2, Denise M Goodman3

  • 1Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Masonic Children's Hospital, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.

Pediatric Critical Care Medicine : a Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies
|March 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Children with high-frequency pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions represent 6.2% of survivors and incur significant costs. Early readmission within 82 days signals higher risk for these high-need patients.

More Related Videos

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
11:27

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

Published on: April 7, 2023

6.7K
Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

17.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit
05:56

Monitoring Lung Function with Electrical Impedance Tomography in the Intensive Care Unit

Published on: September 6, 2024

4.0K
A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn
11:27

A Modified Sonographic Algorithm for Image Acquisition in Life-Threatening Emergencies in the Critically Ill Newborn

Published on: April 7, 2023

6.7K
Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation
11:19

Guidelines for Elective Pediatric Fiberoptic Intubation

Published on: January 17, 2011

17.8K

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric critical care medicine
  • Health services research
  • Healthcare economics

Background:

  • Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admissions can be recurrent for certain patient populations.
  • Understanding the characteristics and resource utilization of children with frequent PICU admissions is crucial for optimizing care and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate demographic, clinical, outcome, and cost disparities between children experiencing high-frequency PICU utilization (HFPICU) and those with fewer admissions.
  • To identify predictors of HFPICU status.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study was conducted using the Pediatric Health Information System database in the United States for 2018.
  • Children (≤18 years) surviving an index PICU admission were assessed for repeat admissions within one year.
  • High-frequency PICU utilization (HFPICU) was defined as ≥3 PICU admissions annually; these patients were compared to those with 0-2 admissions (nHFPICU).

Main Results:

  • 6.2% of 95,465 pediatric PICU survivors met HFPICU criteria.
  • HFPICU patients were younger, more technologically dependent, publicly insured, had longer lengths of stay, and higher discharge needs (rehabilitation, home nursing).
  • HFPICU patients accounted for 24.8% of total PICU costs, with readmission occurring 58% sooner than in nHFPICU patients; readmission within 82 days was a strong predictor.

Conclusions:

  • Children with HFPICU represent a high-risk group with substantial medical resource utilization.
  • Readmission within 82 days is a key indicator for identifying children at higher risk of HFPICU.
  • Further research is needed to validate these findings and explore targeted interventions for this vulnerable population.