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2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...
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2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques01:18

2D NMR: Overview of Heteronuclear Correlation Techniques

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Heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy is an analytical technique that investigates the coupling between different types of nuclei, often a proton and an X-nucleus, such as carbon-13 or nitrogen-15. This method is commonly used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to gain insights into complex chemical compounds' structural and compositional aspects. A typical heteronuclear correlation spectrum displays X-nucleus chemical shifts on one axis and a proton spectrum on the other...
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Fermi Level Dynamics01:12

Fermi Level Dynamics

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The vacuum level denotes the energy threshold required for an electron to escape from a material surface. It is usually positioned above the conduction band of a semiconductor and acts as a benchmark for comparing electron energies within various materials.
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2D NMR: Homonuclear Correlation Spectroscopy (COSY)01:06

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Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy, or COSY, is a 2-dimensional NMR technique that provides information about coupled protons. Typically, the geminal and vicinal coupling are observed. For example, consider the COSY spectrum of ethyl acetate, where its 1D proton NMR spectrum is plotted along the vertical and horizontal axes with their corresponding chemical shift scale. Three spots on the diagonal corresponding to the three peaks in the 1D proton spectrum are called diagonal peaks. The COSY...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Non-local correlation dynamics in two-dimensional graphene.

Abdel-Baset A Mohamed1,2, Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty3,4, Montasir Qasymeh5

  • 1Department of Mathematics, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Aflaj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia. abdelbastm@aun.edu.eg.

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We investigated non-local correlations in graphene

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Graphene's unique electronic properties arise from its honeycomb lattice structure.
  • Disordered electrons in graphene exhibit complex quantum phenomena.
  • Understanding non-local correlations is crucial for quantum technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore non-local correlation dynamics in disordered graphene.
  • To investigate the formation and robustness of correlations between the honeycomb lattice and Dirac points.
  • To analyze the stability of these correlations under various physical parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing the Bell function, uncertainty-induced non-locality, and concurrence.
  • Examining lattice-point non-local correlations from an uncorrelated state.
  • Analyzing robustness against band parameters, scattering, wave numbers, and decoherence.

Main Results:

  • Bell-function non-locality and entanglement concurrence follow a hierarchy principle due to lattice-point interaction.
  • Uncertainty-induced non-locality shows superior stability and robustness compared to Bell non-locality and concurrence.
  • Correlation formation and stability are significantly influenced by honeycomb lattice and Dirac point characteristics.

Conclusions:

  • Non-local correlations in disordered graphene are robust and tunable.
  • Uncertainty-induced non-locality offers a promising avenue for stable quantum information processing.
  • The study provides insights into the fundamental quantum behavior of electrons in graphene.