Antithrombotic Therapy by Regulating the ROS-Mediated Thrombosis Microenvironment and Specific Nonpharmaceutical...

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Nanotechnology
• Thrombosis Research

Background:

• Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress is a key factor in thrombosis.
• Current thrombus therapies lack comprehensive understanding and efficiency.
• Need for advanced antithrombotic strategies to address limitations in existing treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop a comprehensive and efficient antithrombotic treatment strategy.
• To investigate a Prussian blue (PB)-based nanodroplet system for drug-free thrombolysis.
• To explore the combined effects of photothermal therapy (PTT) and optical droplet vaporization (ODV) in clot dissolution.

Main Methods:

• Design of a Prussian blue (PB)-based nanodroplet system (PB-PFP@PC) with a perfluorinated pentane (PFP) core and poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA) shell functionalized with CREKA peptide.
• Application of near-infrared (NIR) laser irradiation to activate the nanodroplets for PTT and ODV.
• Evaluation of PB's nanoenzyme activity in scavenging ROS and reducing inflammatory factors within the thrombus microenvironment.

Main Results:

• The PB-PFP@PC nanodroplets achieved dual drug-free thrombolysis via PTT and ODV upon NIR laser irradiation.
• PB demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, scavenging ROS and reducing thrombus-associated inflammation.
• PTT induced fibrin network structural damage, contributing to thrombolysis, while generated oxygen enhanced ultrasound signals.

Conclusions:

• The PB nanodroplet system offers a promising non-pharmaceutical approach for efficient thrombolysis.
• The study highlights the potential of ODV and PTT in treating thrombotic diseases.
• Modulating the thrombosis microenvironment combined with targeted thrombolysis provides a comprehensive antithrombotic strategy.