Malaria diagnostic update: From conventional to advanced method.
Loeki Enggar Fitri1,2, Tarina Widaningrum2,3, Agustina Tri Endharti1
1Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia.
Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis
|March 5, 2022
Summary
Accurate malaria diagnosis is crucial for global control efforts. Advanced molecular techniques like PCR and LAMP offer improved field diagnostics beyond traditional microscopy and rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs).
Area of Science:
- Malariology
- Diagnostic Microbiology
- Molecular Diagnostics
Background:
- Accurate malaria diagnostic methods are vital for managing the global malaria situation and reducing incidence.
- Effective malaria control programs depend on accessible, field-deployable laboratory tests.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current and emerging diagnostic techniques for malaria detection.
- To highlight the need for improved field diagnostics in malaria control.
Main Methods:
- Comparison of microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), serological, and molecular methods.
- Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), and biosensing techniques.
- Assessment of point-of-care tests (POCT) for malaria diagnosis.
Main Results:
- Microscopy remains a gold standard, while RDTs are widely used in endemic areas.
- Novel serological and molecular methods offer enhanced specificity and sensitivity.
- PCR, LAMP, and biosensing-based POCTs show promise for cost-effective, advanced malaria diagnostics.
Conclusions:
- Conventional malaria diagnostic techniques are still in use.
- Advanced diagnostic techniques are rapidly evolving for field implementation.
- Continued development of innovative malaria diagnostic tools is essential for global health initiatives.
