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Topical ocular drug delivery systems: Innovations for an unmet need
Yingjia Yang1, Alastair Lockwood1
1Portsmouth University Hospitals NHS Trust, United Kingdom.
Experimental Eye Research
|March 6, 2022
Summary
Ophthalmic drug delivery faces challenges due to the eye's protective barriers, leading to low bioavailability. This review explores methods to enhance drug delivery, including novel technologies for improved ocular bioavailability.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Pharmaceutics
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- The eye possesses robust anatomical and physiological barriers on its surface.
- These barriers protect the eye but significantly hinder ophthalmic drug delivery and bioavailability.
Purpose of the Study:
- To detail ocular surface mechanisms impeding drug delivery.
- To review traditional and novel approaches for enhancing ophthalmic drug bioavailability.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of ocular barriers and drug delivery challenges.
- Overview of traditional eye drop formulations.
- Examination of viscosity and permeation enhancement techniques.
- Review of novel drug delivery technologies.
Main Results:
- Ocular barriers (blink reflex, tear film, corneoscleral layers) limit drug penetration.
- Traditional eye drops exhibit low bioavailability.
- Viscosity and permeation enhancers show potential.
- Novel technologies like nanoparticles, in-situ gels, drug-loaded contact lenses, and ocular inserts offer improved delivery.
Conclusions:
- Effective ophthalmic drug delivery requires overcoming significant biological barriers.
- Advanced formulations and delivery systems are crucial for improving therapeutic outcomes in eye diseases.
Keywords:
Drug deliveryEmulsionsEye dropsNanoparticlesOcular drugsOcular insertsOintmentsPharmacologyMore Related Videos
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