[Current Status and Future Perspectives of Molecular Targeted Therapies for Lung Cancer]

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Thoracic Surgery
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• Molecular targeted therapies are guideline-recommended first-line treatments for unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with driver gene mutations.
• Seventeen agents are approved in Japan for NSCLC targeting EGFR, ALK/ROS1/NTRK/RET fusions, BRAF V600E, or MET exon 14 skipping mutations.
• Novel agents are under development for other mutations like EGFR/HER2 exon 20 insertions and KRAS G12C.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current topics in molecular testing for NSCLC.
• To summarize approved molecular targeted drugs in Japan.
• To discuss resistance mechanisms and neoadjuvant/adjuvant applications of targeted therapies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of molecular testing in NSCLC.
• Summary of approved targeted therapies in Japan.
• Discussion of resistance mechanisms and novel therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

• Personalized medicine in NSCLC requires knowledge of genetic testing and molecular targeted drugs.
• Thoracic surgeons play a key role in multidisciplinary tumor boards.
• Understanding resistance mechanisms is crucial for optimizing treatment.

Conclusions:

• Thoracic surgeons must be knowledgeable about genetic testing and molecular targeted drugs for NSCLC.
• The review covers approved drugs, resistance, and neoadjuvant/adjuvant uses.
• This knowledge is essential for effective multidisciplinary treatment in the era of personalized medicine.