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Published on: October 25, 2024
Novel Compound, ND-17, Regulates the JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and MAPK Pathways and Restrains Human T-lymphoid Leukemia
Weina Ma1,2, Yanhong Liu1,2, Panpan Lei1,2
1School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, P.R. China.
Background:
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an invasive hematological malignant disorder of T cell progenitors. The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of T-ALL and in the inhibition of the key molecule, JAK2, and could suppress T-ALL cell proliferation.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-tumor effects of a novel nilotinib derivative, ND-17, on cancer cell lines via its interactions with JAK2.
Methods:
The effects of ND-17 on cell proliferation and on cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated using the tetrazolium assay and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, the ND-17/JAK2 binding interactions were evaluated using surface plasmon resonance and western blot analyses.
Results:
ND-17 exerted the greatest inhibitory effects on T-ALL cells amongst all hematological cancer cell lines tested. Flow cytometric analysis indicated that ND-17 blocked the cell cycle at the S phase in T-ALL cells. Nilotinib did not significantly inhibit T-ALL cell growth or regulate the cell cycle. Preliminary investigations revealed that the regulation of cyclin-dependent kinases/cyclins was attributed to ND-17-induced cell cycle arrest. Furthermore, ND-17 could bind to JAK2 with strong affinity, and more importantly, ND-17 bound to the ATP pocket of JAK2 in a manner similar to the potent inhibitor. Thus, ND-17 treatment exhibited a prominent effect in inhibiting the phosphorylation of JAK2 in T-ALL cells. An increase in the phosphorylation of JAK2 was observed in interleukin-6- stimulated Jurkat cells, which was reversed by ND-17 treatment. Meanwhile, the combination of TG- 101348 and ND-17 led to further improvement in inhibiting the phosphorylation of JAK2. Moreover, the transfection and knockdown of JAK2 altered the inhibitory effect of ND-17 on Jurkat cell viability. In addition, ND-17 treatment suppressed the JAK/STAT, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin, and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 signaling pathways.
Conclusion:
These findings suggest that ND-17 could be a promising JAK2 inhibitor for the treatment of T-ALL.
Insights
A novel compound, ND-17, shows significant promise as a Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) inhibitor for treating T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). ND-17 effectively suppresses T-ALL cell proliferation by targeting JAK2 signaling pathways.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a serious hematological malignancy.
- The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway is crucial in T-ALL development.
- Inhibiting the key molecule JAK2 shows potential for suppressing T-ALL cell proliferation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the in vitro anti-tumor effects of a novel nilotinib derivative, ND-17.
- To explore the interaction of ND-17 with JAK2 in cancer cell lines.
Main Methods:
- Tetrazolium assay and flow cytometry were used to assess cell proliferation, cell cycle, and apoptosis.
- Surface plasmon resonance and western blot analyses evaluated ND-17/JAK2 binding interactions.
- JAK2 knockdown and transfection were performed to understand ND-17's mechanism.
Main Results:
- ND-17 demonstrated potent inhibition of T-ALL cells, cell cycle arrest at the S phase, and apoptosis induction.
- ND-17 bound to JAK2's ATP pocket with high affinity, inhibiting JAK2 phosphorylation.
- ND-17 suppressed multiple signaling pathways including JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, and MAPK/ERK.
Conclusions:
- ND-17 exhibits significant anti-tumor activity against T-ALL cells.
- ND-17 acts as a potent JAK2 inhibitor, offering a potential therapeutic strategy for T-ALL.
- Further research into ND-17 as a JAK2 inhibitor for T-ALL treatment is warranted.
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