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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

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Microwave 3D Imaging System Featuring the Phase Coherence Factor for Improved Beamforming.

Rasammal Rasappan1, Nik Syarim Nik Anwar2, Tareq Faisal Zanoon3

  • 1School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Current Medical Imaging
|March 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces an advanced radar imaging system for breast cancer detection using ultrawideband antennae and a novel phase coherence factor (PCF) algorithm. The system effectively detects small tumors, outperforming existing methods and paving the way for clinical trials.

Keywords:
Breast cancer detectionbeamformingdelay and sumphase coherence factorside-lobe noiseultrawideband

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Imaging
  • Electromagnetics

Background:

  • Radar-based imaging offers a non-ionizing alternative for breast cancer detection.
  • Ultrawideband (UWB) antennae provide high resolution for imaging applications.
  • Conventional beamforming algorithms struggle with noise and interference in complex media.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an improved radar imaging system for enhanced breast cancer detection.
  • To incorporate a phase coherence factor (PCF) into the delay and sum (DAS) beamforming algorithm.
  • To suppress noise and improve the signal-to-clutter ratio in radar breast imaging.

Main Methods:

  • A 32-element ultrawideband antenna array (p-slot) was utilized in a hemispherical breast radome.
  • A novel reconstruction algorithm combined phase coherence factor (PCF) with delay and sum (DAS) beamforming.
  • The system was tested using 3D breast models with varying tissue compositions and simulated tumors.

Main Results:

  • The PCF-weighted DAS algorithm accurately detected 5 mm tumors in dense breast models.
  • Achieved an average signal-to-clutter ratio of 7.0 dB and a full-width half-maximum of 2.3 mm.
  • Demonstrated superior performance compared to other beamforming techniques, even at low contrast ratios (1:2).

Conclusions:

  • The proposed PCF-weighted DAS algorithm represents a significant advancement in radar breast imaging.
  • This improved system shows high potential for accurate and sensitive tumor detection.
  • The findings support progression towards clinical trials for human subjects.