Changes in Cytokines Concentration Following Long-Distance Running: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Micael Deivison de Jesus Alves1,2,3, Devisson Dos Santos Silva1,2,3, Erika Vitoria Moura Pereira1,3
1Department of Physical Education, Federal University of Sergipe (UFS), São Cristóvão, Brazil.
Frontiers in Physiology
|March 7, 2022
Summary
This systematic review found that prolonged aerobic exercise, like marathons, significantly alters inflammatory markers, particularly Interleukin-6 (IL-6). While running distance didn't correlate, exercise volume impacts the return to baseline inflammatory status.
Area of Science:
- Exercise physiology
- Immunology
- Biomarker analysis
Background:
- Prolonged aerobic exercise, such as long-distance running, induces significant physiological stress and alters inflammatory markers.
- Accurate prediction of muscle damage and inflammatory status requires reliable biomarkers, which are currently limited.
- Understanding these inflammatory responses is crucial for athlete health and performance optimization.
Approach:
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of 76 studies was conducted.
- Searches were performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases.
- Included studies focused on ultra-marathon, marathon, and half-marathon running and their effects on cytokine levels.
Key Points:
- Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels significantly increased across all running distances (half-marathon, marathon, ultra-marathon).
- Meta-regression revealed no relationship between running distance and IL-6 changes (p = 0.864).
- Significant increases were observed in IL-1ra, IL-1B, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α, while IL-2 and INF-γ decreased. IL-4 showed no change.
Conclusions:
- Acute prolonged aerobic exercise may offer protection against chronic systemic inflammation.
- The time to return to baseline inflammatory marker levels demonstrates a dose-dependent relationship with running volume.
- Running volume modulates key compounds involved in maintaining homeostasis and cellular signaling, highlighting complex inter-organ crosstalk during extreme exercise.
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