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Diabetes and COVID-19; A Bidirectional Interplay

Paraskevi Kazakou1, Vaia Lambadiari2, Ignatios Ikonomidis3

  • 1Diabetes Centre, Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|March 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Diabetes mellitus (DM) increases COVID-19 severity and complications. SARS-CoV-2 infection may also cause new-onset diabetes and impair glucose homeostasis, highlighting a complex relationship requiring further study.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Metabolism

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) patients face higher risks for critical COVID-19 and related complications.
  • Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can lead to metabolic dysregulation and impaired glucose homeostasis.
  • Emerging evidence suggests SARS-CoV-2 may directly impact glucose metabolism, potentially causing new-onset DM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological mechanisms linking COVID-19 and glucose dysregulation.
  • To explore the effects of antidiabetic treatments in diabetic patients with COVID-19.
  • To understand the bidirectional interplay between DM and COVID-19 for improved patient management.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing clinical data and research.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological pathways involving ACE2 receptors in the pancreas and endothelium.
  • Examination of emerging data on new-onset DM post-SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Main Results:

  • Diabetes is a significant risk factor for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with metabolic dysregulation and hyperglycemia.
  • The virus may directly affect pancreatic function and glucose metabolism via ACE2 receptors.

Conclusions:

  • The relationship between COVID-19 and diabetes is bidirectional and complex.
  • Understanding these interactions is crucial for managing COVID-19 complications in diabetic patients.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the direct effects of SARS-CoV-2 on glucose homeostasis and inform treatment strategies.

Keywords:
COVID-19antidiabetic medicationdiabetesendothelial (dys)functionnew onset diabetes

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