A Unique Multi- and Interdisciplinary Cardiology-Renal-Endocrine Clinic: A Description and Assessment of Outcomes

Patients with diabetes and co-existing chronic kidney disease and/or cardiovascular disease have complex medical needs with multiple indications for different guideline-directed medical therapies and require high health care resource utilization. The Cardiac and Renal Endocrine Clinic (C.a.R.E. Clinic) is a multi- and interdisciplinary clinic offering a unique care model to this population to overcome barriers to optimal care.

To describe the patient characteristics and clinical data of consecutive patients seen in the C.a.R.E. Clinic between 2014 and 2020, with a focus on the feasibility, strengths, and challenges of this outpatient care model.

Single-center retrospective cohort study.

The C.a.R.E. Clinic is a multi- and interdisciplinary clinic at Toronto General Hospital in Toronto, Canada.

We reviewed the charts of all 118 patients who had been referred to the C.a.R.E. Clinic with type 2 diabetes mellitus, co-existing renal disease, and/or cardiovascular disease.

Demographic data, medication data, clinic blood pressure measurements, and laboratory data were assessed at the first and last available clinic visit.

Data were extracted via manual chart review of paper and electronic medical records.

First and last attended clinic visit data were available for descriptive analysis in 74 patients. There was a significant improvement in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (1.9 mmol/L vs 1.5 mmol/L, P < .01), hemoglobin A1C (7.5% vs 7.1%, P = .02), and the proportion of patients with blood pressure at target (52.7% vs 36.5%, P = .04), but not body mass index (29.7 kg/m² vs 29.6 kg/m², P = .15) between the last and first available clinic visits. There was higher uptake in evidence-based medication use including statins (93.2% vs 81.1%, P = .01), SGLT-2i (35.1% vs 4.1%, P < .01), and GLP-1 receptor agonists (13.5% vs 4.1%, P = .02), while RAAS inhibitor use was already high at baseline (81.8% vs 78.4%, P = .56). There remains a significant opportunity for therapy with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists.

This is a retrospective chart review lacking a control group, therefore clinical improvements cannot be causally attributed to the clinic alone. New evidence and changes to guideline-recommended therapies also contributed to practice changes during this time period.

A multi- and interdisciplinary clinic is a feasible and potentially effective way to improve evidence-based and patient-centered care for patients with diabetes, kidney, and cardiovascular disease.