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Training Synesthetic Letter-color Associations by Reading in Color
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Strategies that reduce Stroop interference.

B Palfi1, B A Parris2, A F Collins3

  • 1Sackler Centre for Consciousness Science, University of Sussex, Pevensey Building 1, North South Road, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9QH, UK.

Royal Society Open Science
|March 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Post-hypnotic suggestion can significantly reduce Stroop interference by making people see words as meaningless. However, voluntary strategies like looking away or blurring words do not fully replicate this effect, suggesting unique mechanisms at play.

Keywords:
Stroop effectcognitive controlhigher order thoughtsmetacognitionpost-hypnotic suggestion

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The Stroop task measures cognitive interference, where naming the ink color of a word is slower when the word itself is a different color.
  • Post-hypnotic suggestion, specifically 'word blindness,' can halve Stroop interference in highly hypnotizable individuals.
  • The precise mechanisms by which this suggestion reduces interference remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate potential voluntary strategies underlying the 'word blindness' hypnotic suggestion.
  • To determine if strategies like looking away or visual blurring replicate the effects of the hypnotic suggestion on Stroop interference.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted outside of hypnotic contexts.
  • Participants (highly hypnotizable individuals) were instructed to employ strategies such as looking away from target words or visually blurring them.
  • Performance on the Stroop task was measured to assess interference reduction.

Main Results:

  • Both looking away and visual blurring significantly reduced Stroop interference.
  • However, these strategies did not replicate the full pattern of results seen with the 'word blindness' suggestion.
  • Crucially, neither voluntary strategy sped up responses to incongruent trials, unlike the hypnotic suggestion.

Conclusions:

  • Voluntary strategies like looking away or visual blurring can reduce Stroop interference.
  • These strategies do not fully explain the mechanism of the 'word blindness' hypnotic suggestion.
  • Multiple voluntary methods exist for significantly reducing cognitive interference in the Stroop task.