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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 1, 2025

Identification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Paraffin-Embedded Feline Arterial Thrombi using Immunofluorescence Microscopy
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Cutaneous xanthoma causing hypercalcaemia in a cat.

Doris Ma1, Jessica F Romine1, Michael Hardcastle2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Animal Referral Centre, Auckland, New Zealand.

JFMS Open Reports
|March 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This is the first reported case of cutaneous xanthoma causing hypercalcaemia in a cat. Surgical removal of xanthomas resolved hypercalcaemia and improved the cat's condition, suggesting dyslipidaemia as the cause.

Keywords:
Ionised hypercalcaemiacongenital hypercholesterolaemiacutaneous xanthomaelevated cholesterolelevated ionised calciumelevated total calciumfamilial hypercholesterolaemiaprimary dyslipidaemiatotal hypercalcaemia

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Comparative Pathology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Dyslipidaemia, a lipid metabolism disorder, can manifest in various ways in animals.
  • Hypercholesterolaemia and hypercalcaemia are significant metabolic disturbances that can indicate underlying health issues.

Observation:

  • A 5-year-old cat presented with dorsal masses, weight loss, inappetence, and vomiting.
  • Diagnostic tests revealed severe hypercholesterolaemia, hypercalcaemia, and lipaemic serum.
  • Histopathology of the masses confirmed cutaneous xanthoma, with no infectious agents identified.

Findings:

  • Surgical excision of cutaneous xanthomas led to the normalization of calcium levels.
  • The cat showed significant improvement in energy and comfort post-operatively.
  • The condition was diagnosed as cutaneous xanthoma causing hypercalcaemia secondary to primary dyslipidaemia.

Implications:

  • This case highlights cutaneous xanthoma as a potential cause of hypercalcaemia in cats, linked to dyslipidaemia.
  • Familial hypercholesterolaemia may be a predisposing factor for such conditions in felines.
  • Further research is needed to understand the genetic basis and prevalence of dyslipidaemia-induced xanthomas in cats.