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Treating Apnea of Prematurity

Joseph Pergolizzi1, Alexander Kraus2, Peter Magnusson3,4

  • 1Cardiology, Native Cardio Inc., Naples, USA.

Cureus
|March 7, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Apnea of prematurity affects premature infants due to immature respiratory systems, increasing risks. Current treatments for this condition have safety concerns, and long-term effects remain unclear.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Apnea of prematurity (AOP) is a common condition in premature infants, stemming from immature respiratory control.
  • AOP can lead to hypercapnia and increases the risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality.
  • The long-term consequences of AOP and its treatments are not well-understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of apnea of prematurity.
  • To discuss the available treatment options and their associated safety concerns.
  • To highlight the uncertainties regarding long-term outcomes and the role of AOP in preterm infant mortality.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on apnea of prematurity.
  • Analysis of treatment efficacy and safety profiles.
  • Discussion of the impact of AOP on neonatal care and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Various treatments exist for AOP, including caffeine citrate, CO2 inhalation, and respiratory support (nCPAP, niPPV), but none are universally established as first-line.
  • Effective treatments may carry safety concerns, while conservative measures like kangaroo care may lack efficacy.
  • AOP typically resolves with respiratory maturation but complicates neonatal care.

Conclusions:

  • There is no definitive gold standard for treating apnea of prematurity.
  • Balancing treatment efficacy with safety concerns is crucial in managing AOP.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the long-term effects of AOP and its treatments on preterm infants.

Keywords:
apnea of prematuritycaffeinedoxapramneonatal intensive careneonatologypreterm birth

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