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Small open reading frames in plant research: from prediction to functional characterization.

Sheue Ni Ong1, Boon Chin Tan1, Aisyafaznim Al-Idrus2

  • 1Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

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Identifying small open reading frames (sORFs) in plants is crucial for crop improvement. This review addresses the lack of a comprehensive sORF annotation pipeline and discusses their classification, function, and applications.

Keywords:
Hormone-like peptidesSEPSmall open reading frameSmall peptidesORFs

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Gene prediction is a challenging task.
  • Advancements in sequencing, ribosome profiling, and mass spectrometry enable small open reading frame (sORF) identification.
  • sORFs (< 100 codons) have been identified across various organisms for decades.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the absence of a comprehensive sORF annotation pipeline.
  • To review the classification and functions of plant sORFs.
  • To highlight the potential applications of sORFs in crop improvement.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sORF identification and annotation.
  • Analysis of advancements in sequencing and proteomic technologies.
  • Compilation of information on plant sORF classification and function.

Main Results:

  • Sequencing and bioinformatics tools facilitate sORF discovery in plant genomes.
  • A comprehensive sORF annotation pipeline is currently lacking.
  • Plant sORFs exhibit diverse classifications and functions.

Conclusions:

  • Developing a comprehensive sORF annotation pipeline is a critical need.
  • Understanding plant sORF biology is essential for advancing crop genetics.
  • sORFs hold significant potential for enhancing crop improvement strategies.